The 4-Layer TCP/IP Model

  • Describe the 4 layer TCP/IP model.

  • Understand that the HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, IMAP and FTP protocols operate at the application layer.

  • Understand that the TCP and UDP protocols operate at the transport layer.

  • Understand that the IP protocol operates at the internet layer.

The 4-Layer TCP/IP Model

The 4-Layer TCP/IP Model

  • Designed to simplify network communication.

  • Each layer deals with a different task.

  • The layers are:

    • application layer

    • transport layer

    • internet layer

    • link layer

Process

  • As data is sent it passes through each layers, from the application layer to the link layer.

  • Each layer adds information depending on which protocols are being used.

  • When the data is received, it passes through each layer in reverse.

Application Layer

  • The network applications, such as web browsers or email operate.

  • Protocols used:

    • HTTP

    • HTTPS

    • FTP

    • SMTP

    • IMAP

Transport Layer

  • Sets up the communication between the two hosts and they agree settings such as 'language' and size of packets.

  • Protocols used:

    • TCP

    • UDP

Internet Layer

  • Where data is addressed and packaged for transmission. It then routes the packets across the network.

  • Protocols:

    • IP

Link Layer

  • Whre the network hardware such as the NIC (network interface card) and OS device drivers are located.

  • Protocols:

    • Wi-Fi

    • Ethernet

Advantages

  • Allows one layer to be developed/modified without affecting any of the other layers.

  • Software and hardware manufacturers can focus on one layer without needing to know how the other layers work.

  • Devices made by different manufacturers can be compatible, giving consumers more choice.

  • It is easier to identify and correct networking errors and problems.

Questions

  1. Identify two of the layers within the TCP/IP model.
  2. What is the purpose of the internet layer within the TCP/IP model?
  3. Describe two advantages of using the 4-layer TCP/IP model.
  4. Name three protocols which operate at the application layer.

Answers

  • Application layer
  • Transport layer
  • Internet layer
  • Link layer
  1. Identify two of the layers within the TCP/IP model.

Answers

  1. What is the purpose of the internet layer within the TCP/IP model?

It addresses and packages data for transmission and then routes the packets across the network.

Answers

  1. Describe two advantages of using the 4-layer TCP/IP model.
  • It is possible for one layer to be changed without affecting any of the other layers.
  • Software and hardware manufacturers can specialise in understanding one layer without needing to know how every other layer works.
  • Devices made by different manufacturers can be compatible, giving consumers more choice.
  • It is easier to identify and correct networking errors and problems.

Answers

  1. Name three protocols which operate at the application layer.
  1. HTTPS
  2. HTTP
  3. FTP
  4. IMAP
  5. SMTP

5f 4 Layer TCP/IP Model

By David James

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5f 4 Layer TCP/IP Model

Computer Science - Computer Networks - 4 Layer TCP/IP Model

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