Scientific Knowledge
Gabriel Dal-Ri, João Chagas, Luan Vick
scientific knowledge
"To what extent is
definitive?"
The Scientific Method
"A method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses."
New Oxford American Dictionary, 2013
Oxford Press
Natural
Sciences
"To what extent is scientific knowledge definitive?"
Biogenesis or Abiogenesis
"To what extent is scientific knowledge definitive?"
Spontaneous Generation
Organisms could develop and be born from non living matter, such as cheese or meat (mice and maggots). Theories related to the scientific method have been created for many centuries until a "final" theory was achieved by Louis Pasteur. (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
Francesco Redi
Meat in two jars
One covered, another open
Check after some days
John Needham
Boiled broth
Seal the container
Check after some days
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Reviewed previous experiments
Broth in two bottles
Boiled it, sealed one
Check after some days
Louis Pasteur
Nutrient enriched broth
Downwards swan-neck
Boiled it
Check after a year
Check list
Based on the scientific method and on reason
Used mainly Sense Perception, amongst others
Were considered true by someone for a period of time
"To what extent is scientific knowledge definitive?"
The Atomic Model
"To what extent is scientific knowledge definitive?"
- Atom: the smallest thing in the universe;
- Electrons: the smallest thing in the universe;
- Protons and neutrons: not the smallest things in the universe, but they are there too;
- Quarks: the smallest thing in the universe -- really.
Check list
"To what extent is scientific knowledge definitive?"
Human
Sciences
"To what extent is scientific knowledge definitive?"
Social Darwinism
Effects
- Racism
- Xenofobia
- Deaths
Natural
Human
AND
Sciences
Sciences
- Definitive because it relies on the scientific method, rational logic
- Has many theories that were invalid, even if they followed the scientific method
- Also relies on models and research to prove its claims, similar to the scientific method
- Human nature is very unpredictable, thus results can vary greatly
"To what extent is scientific knowledge definitive?"
Conclusion
"To what extent is scientific knowledge definitive?"
TOK
By Luan Mateus Vick
