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Docker Swarm

vs

Kubernetes

• Swarm

• Kubernetes

• Comparison

• wrap-up

SWARM

Swarm Components

• Node : Bare-metal machine or VM or Cloud instance.

• Swarm : A cluster of nodes

• Manager Nodes : Understand the desired configuration and give the job to the workers but could be a worker as well (bad practice)

• Worker Nodes : These nodes collect and run tasks from manager nodes.

• Service :  Container (based on image) with metadata like replicas, networks and volumes.

Swarm Cluster Architecture

Kubernetes

def.

(Opinionated) Orchestration framework to organise and deploy container-based applications

Agnostic sandbox where you provide the desired state of your services/apps. Kubernetes aims to take care of everything else

Let's see how it works

Nodes

CLUSTER

PERSISTENT VOLUMES

OTHER Kubernetes components

• etcd : Distributed database to store configuration

• API Server :  Entry point of the entire cluster, it exchanges with etcd. Manage the authorizations and implement a watch mechanism.
• Controller Manager : Make the necessary change to reach the desire state. Manage the replication and endpoints controller.
• Scheduler : Control the nodes resources and handle the assignment of the pods.

• Kubelet : Monitor the pod activity (health check) . Stop /start and update the running pods.

Let's see how apps runs

Container

PODS

DEPLOYMENT

KUBERNETES COMPONENTS

• Pods : A pod is a group of one or more containers (such as Docker containers), with shared storage/network, and a specification for how to run the containers. A pod’s contents are always co-located and co-scheduled, and run in a shared context.

• Deployments : You describe a desired state in a Deployment object, and the Deployment controller changes the actual state to the desired state

• Services : Network endpoints that can be reach by external service. The service will automatically round-robin requests between pods. Kubernetes embed a DNS server for the cluster that watches for new services (discovery service).

• Labels : Key-value information to search and update the components.

KUBERNETES ARCHITECTURE

Let's see how access/run it

kubectl is your local CLI command center.
You can issue commands to the cluster either by kubectl or directly calling REST APIs exposed by the master

Let's try it

THE Battle !

Common

• Open source projects (Go Language)

• Compatible with storage providers

• Load balancing and DNS «out of the box»

• Compatible with almost monitoring tools

What is an application ?

Kubernetes

• Applications can be deployed into a pod which are the smallest component of Kubernetes.

• A Service is the access point for the application.

• A pod may have one or many containers inside

SWARM

• Application is detailed in a yaml file (docker-compose) with one or many containers

• A service is generated from the declarative text and deployed into the cluster.

Scaling

Kubernetes

• The scaling value is defined for the pod. Manually or automatic.

• Set with replica command or in the deployment (Yaml file)

SWARM

• A service can be global : 1 task for every node within the cluster.

• Or managed by replicas :  3 replicas on 1,2 or 3 nodes max.

• Scaling manually !

High-Avaibility

Kubernetes

• Multiple pods can be distributed among nodes to provide HA.

• Multiple master nodes and worker nodes can be load balanced for request.

• Etcd is natively distributed

• API server can be replicated

SWARM

• Swarm use Raft consensus (HA).

• Mandatory : an odd number of manager.

• Swarm uses the Ingress network to manage the services.

Load Balancing

Kubernetes

• Pods are exposed through a service, which can be used as a load-balancer within the cluster. Typically, an ingress is used for load balancing.

• Auto-scaling using a simple number-of-pods target is defined declaratively using deployments. CPU-utilization-per-pod target is available. Other targets are on the roadmap.

SWARM

• Swarm mode has a DNS component that can be used to distribute incoming requests to a service name. Services can run on ports specified by the user or can be assNot directly available. For each service, you can declare the number of tasks you want to run. When you manually scale up or down, the Swarm manager automatically adapts by adding or removing tasks.igned automatically.

Rolling update

Kubernetes

• Supports multiple modes for rolling update (number of pods offline, parallelism ..)

SWARM

• Rolling update are applied on services with many strategies (ex : delay between nodes)

Health Check

Kubernetes

• Different health check (container , pod, node, cluster …)

• K8s aggregates by default the logs 

SWARM

• Only one health check  (by service)

STORAGE

Kubernetes

• Many storage API

• K8s supports different type of persistent volumes (iSCSI, NFS, S3 , GCP , Azure …)

• The emptyDir volume is non-persistent and can used to read and write files with a container.

SWARM

• Compatible Docker volume (in container or docker-compose)

• Swarm supports different type of persistent volumes (iSCSI, NFS, S3 , GCP , Azure …)

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NETWORKING

Kubernetes

• All components in a pod could communicate each other and each pod has an IP address.

• The service is like a VIP with a load-balancer

SWARM

• Overlay network

• Encrypted by default

Reliability

Kubernetes

• Kubernetes scales to  5,000-node clusters.

• API responsiveness: 99% of all API calls return in less than 1s.

• Pod startup time: 99% of pods and their containers (with pre-pulled images) start within 5s.

SWARM

• Docker Swarm has been scaled and performance tested up to 30,000 containers and 1,000 nodes with 1 Swarm manager.

RELiABILITY

Kubernetes

• Google Borg

• Red Hat

• Autoscaling

• Largest community

SWARM

• Rookie

• Only Docker containers management

• Services can be scaled manually.

• Smaller community

Miscellaneous

Kubernetes

• Installation can be hard ! (except in Cloud services)

• Hard learning curve

SWARM

• Included with docker engine

• Easy to learn

IS THERE OTHER SOLUTIONS  ?

WRAP-UP

SO WHAT WE SHOULD USE ?

IT DEPENDS

K8S SEEMS to be WINNING

CLOUD IS BETTER/EASIER

DOCKER EE - A safe choice

Meetup Docker Geneva

Meetup Kubernetes

THANK YOU