How Do You Know About Networking?

Lecturer: Иo1lz

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Outline

  • What is Internet?
  • The Structure You Never Care
  • Communicate with Protocol

What is Internet?

How to describe Internet?

Nuts-and-Bolts

Services

  • In Internet jargon, all of devices are called hosts or end system
  • Based on hardware and software
  • "an infrastructure that provides services to applications"

Nuts-and-Bolts

  • End systems are connected together by a network of communication links and packet switches.
  • End systems access the Internet through Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
  • End systems run protocols that control

         the sending and receiving of information.

PACKET?

Services

  • The applications are said to be distributed applications, since they involve multiple end systems that exchange data with each other.

LAN

Local Area Network

WAN

Wide Area Network

The Structure You Never Care

OSI Model

Application High-level APIs
Presentation Translation of data between a networking service and application
Session Managing communication sessions
Transport Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network
Network Structuring and managing a multi-node network
Data Link Reliable transmission of data frames between 2 nodes connected
Physical Transmission and reception of raw bit streams

TCP/IP Model

Application The applications make use of the services provided by the underlying lower
Transport Performs host-to-host communications on the networks separated by routers
Internet Exchanges datagrams across network boundaries
Link Defines the networking methods within the scope of the local network link on which hosts communcate without intervening routers.

Relationship Between Hosts

Client/Server

Server

Client

Request

Response

Peer-to-Peer

Host

Host

Request / Response

Communicate with Protocol

Protocol

A system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of  a physical quantity.

IP

The principle communication protocol in the Internet.

the task

Deliver the packets from the source host to the destination host

based on

IP Address

(in packet's header)

2 versions of IP address: IPv4, IPv6

IPv4

IPv6

XXX . XXX . XXX . XXX

XXXX : XXXX : XXXX : XXXX : XXXX : XXXX : XXXX : XXXX

IPv4

Public IP Address

A 0~127 for research agency or large business
B 128~191 for medium business or educational agency
C 192~223 for small business or ISPs

Private IP Address

10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 localhost

Static IP Address

Dynamic IP Address

  • Staying the same, which means the IP address would never change.
  • Constantly change which get the IP address through DHCP.
Port Protocol Description
80 HTTP Used in World Wide Web(www)
443 HTTPS HTTP Over TLS / SSL
20 FTP Data Transfer
21 FTP Command Control
22 SSH Secure Login
25 SMTP Email Routing

TCP / UDP

  • In the Transfer Layer which provide host-to-host communication services for applications.
  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
  • UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
TCP UDP
Connection-oriented Connectless
Less data in single packet More data in single packet
More header information Less header information

References

Thanks for Listening

How Do You Know About Networking?

By Иo1lz

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