North & Central African Societies

Hunter-Gathering Societies

• The Efe 
• Social Structure

Stateless Societies

• Tracking family descent

• Age set system

Lineage groups ruled

Muslim States

Islam played a vital role in North Africa

Islam spread to Maghrib 

African rulers converted to Islam

Based government upon Islamic Law

Almoravid Empire

• Spread Islam through conquest
• Found Marrakech
• Moors (spain) & Ghana

• Almohads seized power
• teachings of Ibn Tumart
• Overthrew Almoravids

Section 2

West African Civilizations

Empire of Ghana

• Trades across the Sahara made possible by the camel.
• Soninke people called their ruler ghana
• Kingdom of Ghana 700s

Empire of Mali 1235

• South of Ghana, the Kingdom of Mali emerged
• Wealth built on gold
• Trade routes shifted eastward
• People of Mali seized power

• Sundiata became mansa or emperor
• Later, muslim, Mansa Musa ruled
• After 50 years, the empire began to weaken

Empire of Songhai

• Sunni Ali
• Askia Muhammad

Other Peoples West Africa

• Hausa
• Yoruba
• Benin

East Coast Trade Cities

• Swahili language
• Kilwa
• Portuguese conquest

Islamic influences

Southern Africa & Great Zimbabwe

The Mutapa Empire

• Fertile soil, good rainfall, and ample wood
• Mutapa Empire
• Increasing European interference

Citations

• Beck, R. (1999). World History: Patterns of interaction. Evanston, Ill.: Mcdougal Littell
• Hunting and gathering culture. (n.d). Retrieved January 13, 2016 from http://www.britannica.com/topic/hunting-and-gathering-culture
• African Cultures: Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Study.com Retrieved January 13, 2016 from http://www.study.com/academy/lesson/african-cultures.html

• Islam in Africa. (2001). Retrieved January 13, 2016 from http://www.blackpst.org/gah/east-african-city-states
• Kingdoms of southern africa:zimbabwe (n.d.) Retrieved January 13, 2016 from http://www.sahistory.org.za/kingdoms-southern-africa-great-zimbabwe.
• Influence of islam on the berbers. (2007). Retrieved January 13, 2016 from http://people.opposingviews.com/influence-islam-berbers-3652.html

Kingdom of Mali (n.d.). retrieved from http://www.eritrea-chat.com/finding-punt-africa’s-last-lost-great-civilization-is-in-eritrea/

African lineages (n.d.) retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/callimurray207/spread-of-islam-in-africa-800-1500-c-e/​

The fall of african empires (n.d.). retrieved from http://hallhistory.weebly.com/africa.html

Long live rock (n.d.). retrieved from http://www.ushistory.org/civ/7d.asp​

salt (2010). retrieved from http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/08/25/why-has-this-lifesustaining-essential-nutrient-been-vilified-by-doctors.aspx

Picture credits