Spheres of Support

So we are supporting Magento now, you say?!?!

SHORT ANSWER

• No - Magento is still a 3rd party application
• We do not install or migrate Magento, or its data
• I wouldn't do that to you, so don't worry.  Yet.

ACTUAL ANSWER

• The underlying components are supportable
• We are here to solidify the parts we DO support
• We can consult on best practices and ideal architectures
• We may build out specialist teams to handle true support

We can offer expertise on the following...

• LAMP Stack & Operating System support
• Nginx + PHP-FPM Alternatives to Apache
• Memcache, Redis & Varnish Caching layers
• Network & Infrastructure Topography
• Database Configuration and Connectivity
• Dedicated, Cloud & Hybrid Architectures
• Consultative Services around Magento Deployments

Magento Overview

• Very Powerful
• Very Well Known
• Can Manipulate Magnetic Fields
• Class 9 Mutant (extremely dangerous)
• Formidable Adversary to the X-Men

Why Magento?

•  Community is Free and Open Source

•  Extendable - Third party plugins are big a factor for Magento popularity

•  Control multiple websites and stores from one Administration Panel

•  “100% search engine friendly”

•  Support for localization, multiple currencies and tax rates

•  Paypal, Sagepay, Google Checkout, etc.

•  Lots of reporting tools

•  Support for native applications on mobile devices

•  API

•  Really fast!  (actually, it isn't so bad if we do things right)

Basic Magento Installation Steps - Part I

(unlikely our role will be to handle this)

1. Change to the directory you wish to serve Magento from:  cd /var/www/html (for example)

2. DOWNLOAD: wget http://www.magentocommerce.com/downloads/assets/1.9.0.1/magento-1.9.0.1.tar.gz

3. EXTRACT: tar -zxvf magento-1.9.0.0.tar.gz

4. MOVE FILES INTO SITE LOCATION: mv magento/* magento/.htaccess .

5. SET PERMISSIONS: chmod -R o+w media var

6. MORE PERMISSIONS: chmod o+w app/etc

7. ...

8. PROFIT!!!

Basic Magento Installation Steps - Part II

(unlikely our role will be to handle this)

• Create a MySQL database and user with full privileges to this DB - save this information

• Launch the Web based installer by visiting the IP in a browser

• ...

• PROFIT!!!

ORRRRrrrrr...

You could use a Rackspace Magento Cloud Deployment

LAB: Build out Magento

• Log into your cloud account at mycloud.rackspace.com
• Click into DEPLOYMENTS and peruse the list of choices
• Build a Magento Deployment using a 4GB Performance Server in the datacenter of your preference
• SSH into this new server and pull up the UI in a browser
• Inspect the running environment and peruse the UI

Magento File Tour

Let's have a look around the files within the Magento file structure

Magento File Structure

ALSO:

Magento Database Tour

Let's take a look at the database and tables that Magento utilizes

Magento Database

•Mostly InnoDB, so Percona is a good fit, while MySQL is the fully supported option

•Config in local.xml – straightforward.    Note: optional table prefix

•Can configure master/slave natively   (but not necessary)

•DB not normally the bottleneck, depends on architecture of the deployment

•max_allowed_packet =  16M  32M [or higher] (this is almost certainly a needed tweak)

Key Tables

The Magento Webserver

• Does not matter. PHP processing is main bottleneck, not static delivery

• Use PHP-FPM where possible

    – Better under load

    – Use local socket, not TCP:9000

• Matters even less with Varnish and/or CDN

• We prefer Apache, purely for config experience on our floor

    – Most agencies prefer Nginx with PHP-FPM, and now we fully support it

    --> see the Magento site for example config, or peruse your server

    – Magento officially supports NginX for later versions only

Apache or NginX?

REVIEW

Caching Magento

Caching Magento

Zend Two-Level Cache

Backend Caching Options

• File
• APC
• Database
• Memcache
• Redis

File Based Cache Backend

 - Default setting

 - Better than nothing, but slow under load.

 - Can mount tmpfs, but still inefficient.

 - Handles Zend two-level

 - On filesystem:

        ~/var/cache

        ~/var/full_page_cache (Enterprise)

     NOTE: Could be in /tmp/magento/var/ if ~/var wasn’t writable

APC Based Cache Backend

 - APC can also be used for key/value storage

      set apc.shm_size = 1024M

 - Works on all versions

 - Better than File, but not shared 

 - Still needs a slow_backend

     default : <slow_backend>File</slow_backend>

There is nothing wrong with using APC...

      ...but use memcache|redis instead, for future scalability. 

Database Cache Backend

Memcache Cache Backend

    <session_save><![CDATA[memcache]]></session_save>
    <session_save_path><![CDATA[tcp://127.0.0.1:11211?persistent=0&weight=2&timeout=10&retry_interval=10]]></session_save_path>
    <cache>
      <backend>memcached</backend>
      <memcached>
        <servers>
          <server>
            <host><![CDATA[127.0.0.1]]></host>
            <port><![CDATA[11212]]></port>
            <persistent><![CDATA[1]]></persistent>
            <weight><![CDATA[1]]></weight>
            <timeout><![CDATA[1]]></timeout>
            <retry_interval><![CDATA[15]]></retry_interval>
          </server>
        </servers>
        <compression><![CDATA[0]]></compression>
        <cache_dir><![CDATA[]]></cache_dir>
        <hashed_directory_level><![CDATA[]]></hashed_directory_level>
        <hashed_directory_umask><![CDATA[]]></hashed_directory_umask>
        <file_name_prefix><![CDATA[]]></file_name_prefix>
      </memcached

Excerpt of configuration from app/etc/local.xml

LAB: Memcache Configuration

• Peruse the memcache configuration files in /etc/memcached_*
• What is the current value for session & backend maximum connections?  When|Why should you adjust this value?
  •  Set these values to 10240.
• Restart memcache to enable these changes.

Redis Cache Backend

Redis Cache Backend

Redis is Memcache with knobs to enhance #alltehthings

Features:

    - Persistence

    - Replication,

    - Authentication

    - Internal database structure

          Allows Zend to use it as a slow_backend.

          Allows for multiple Magneto shops in a single instance.

Redis Cache Backend - When to use it?

Redis Cache Backend - /etc/redis.conf

Don’t forget to install phpXXX-pecl-redis

Sessions (documented on one.rackspace.com wiki)

Redis Cache Backend - app/etc/local.xml

<session_save><![CDATA[db]]></session_save>
 <redis_session>
 <host>10.181.99.168</host> <!-- or absolute path to unix socket -->
 <port>6379</port> <!-- if unix socket just change it to 0 -->
 <password>if_you_set_one</password>
 <timeout>3</timeout>
 <persistent></persistent>
 <db>0</db>
 <compression_threshold>2048</compression_threshold>
 <compression_lib>gzip</compression_lib>
 <log_level>1</log_level>
 <max_concurrency>6</max_concurrency>
 <break_after_frontend>5</break_after_frontend>
 <break_after_adminhtml>30</break_after_adminhtml>
 <bot_lifetime>7200</bot_lifetime>
 </redis_session>

Magento Cache Backend - Which to use?!?

Need I say anymore?  Redis is a natural pairing with Magento and can be a direct replacement to memcache implementations, in many cases.

1.Find the wiki article on redis installation

2.Install and configure Redis on localhost as a replacement to Memcache

            … check with “redis-cli info”

3.Don’t forget to enable the sessions usage in the code

4.Configure local.xml for <sessions> and <cache>

            … using different DB numbers

5.Test, then disable the Memcache instances once Redis is verified to be working 

LAB: Redis Implementation

ARTICLE

Hint

Full page caching is a must for the most performant Magento implementations, but is only available with an Enterprise Magento license.  There are third party tools that provide this feature, as well.

Magento Full Page Caching

Full Page Cache Improves Time To First Byte

Full Pace Cache - Third Party Options

LAB: Varnish + PageCache

~ Search the one.rackspace wiki for implementation

    instructions for Varnish with PageCache for Magento.

~ Implement this caching layer, as per Wiki, using

    Varnish 3.x repo and ~/mage installer.

~ Poke around in Magento Dashboard config

ARTICLE

Hint

Architecting Magento

~ Single server is OK!

        – Actually good value vs Cloud

~ Old advice was before we understood effective FPC options

~ Plenty of CPU/memory

        – i.e NOT a Cloud server

~ Separate RAID for DB ideal

~ Good for Enterprise licensing, and no LB complexity (next slide)

~ Better: second server for DB/cache

Dedicated

Adding a Load Balancer

Sample Dedicated Multi Server Configuration

Sample Dedicated Clustered Server Configuration

Sample Cloud Deployment

Sample Cloud Deployment

redis + ObjectRocket

Sample Hybrid Deployment

Troubleshooting Magento

Magento Platform Troubleshooting

First Things First - Magento Logging

Magento Error Page Troubleshooting

Varnish & Web Layer Troubleshooting

Magento Platform Q&A

SURVEY TIME!!!

Chris Caillouet

chris.caillouet@rackspace.com

Dev|Ops Sensei

Rackspace University

fin