Open data mobility simulations

and applications

Sebastian Hörl

25 February 2021

at IRT SystemX

http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016800172/

The street in 1900

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlanta_75.85.jpg

The street today

Autonomous Mobility
Mobility as a Service
Mobility on Demand
Electrification
Aerial Mobility

Julius Bär / Farner

The street of tomorrow?

I. MATSim

Senozon VIA

https://pixabay.com/en/traffic-jam-stop-and-go-rush-hour-143391/

Agent-based models

Senozon VIA

Flexible, extensible and well-tested open-source transport simulation framework
Used by many research groups and companies all over the world
Extensions for parking behaviour, signal control, location choice, freight, ...

http://www.matsim.org

matsim-org/matsim-libs

MATSim

Mobility simulation

Decision-making

Analysis

Scenario

Flexible, extensible and well-tested open-source transport simulation framework
Used by many research groups and companies all over the world
Extensions for parking behaviour, signal control, location choice, freight, ...

MATSim

Senozon VIA

MATSim

Home

Work

Shop

Home

until 8am

9am to 6pm

6:15m to 6:30pm

from 6:45pm

walk

public

transport

walk

MATSim

P(k) = \frac{\exp(U_k)}{\sum_i \exp(U_i)}

Discrete mode choice

https://pixabay.com/en/zurich-historic-center-churches-933732/

II. AMoD in Zurich

Cost structures?

User preferences?

System impact?

Cost Calculator for automated mobility

Stated preference survey

MATSim simulation

What do we know about automated vehicles?

Bösch, P.M., F. Becker, H. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2018) Cost-based analysis of autonomous mobility services, Transport Policy, 64, 76-91

Mobility cost calulcator

Felix Becker, Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich.

Survey

13 CHF/h

AMoD

Taxi

19 CHF/h

Conventional

Car

12 CHF/h

Public

Transport

Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project

Bus by Simon Farkas from the Noun Project

Wait by ibrandify from the Noun Project

AMoD

Survey

VTTS

Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project

Bus by Simon Farkas from the Noun Project

Wait by ibrandify from the Noun Project

13 CHF/h

AMoD

Taxi

19 CHF/h

Conventional

Car

12 CHF/h

Public

Transport

21 CHF/h

32 CHF/h

AMoD

Survey

VTTS

Calibration

Fleet sizing width dynamic demand

Cost calculator

Plan modification

Discrete Mode Choice Extension

Mobility simulation

Prediction

Price

Trips

- Utilization

- Empty distance, ...

- Travel times

- Wait times, ...

Model sturcture

Automated taxi

Pickup

Dropoff

Visualisation

Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich

Results

Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich

Results

Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich

13% reduction in vehicles

100% increase in VKT

Results

Hörl, S., C. Ruch, F. Becker, E. Frazzoli and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: a simulation assessment for Zurich, Transportation Research: Part C, 102, 20-32.

Fleet control ...

Load-balancing heuristic

Simple heuristic, fast runtime

Gloal Euclidean Bipartite Matching

Standard algorithm in Operations Research

Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project

Hail by Bradley Avison from the Noun Project

Fleet control

Assignment

Undersupply

More vehicles than requests
When request pops up
find closest vehicle

Oversupply

More requests than vehicles
When vehicle gets available
find closest request

able to serve remote demand

able to serve peek demand

Fleet control

Load-balancing heuristic

Find matching of vehicles and requests that minimizes total Euclidean (or network-based) empty distance
Nice benchmark because sole objective is to minimize empty distance

Fleet control

Global Bipartite Matching

Feedforward Fluidic Optimal Rebalancing Policy

Linear program matching a priori known trip rates

Adaptive Uniform Rebalancing Policy

Linear program distributing vehicles uniformly

Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project

Hail by Bradley Avison from the Noun Project

Fleet control

Redistribution

Travel time

Rebalancing flows

Arrival rate

Transition probability

Fleet control

Feed-forward fluidic rebalancing

Travel time

Rebalancing flows

Arrival rate

Transition probability

Informed algorithm from historical data
Minimization of rebalancing time
Minimization of waiting time?

Fleet control

Feed-forward fluidic rebalancing

Vehicles per zone

Current requests

Minimization of rebalancing time
Working on current information
Uniform distribution of vehicles

Fleet control

Adaptive uniform rebalancing

III. Paris Scenario

https://pixabay.com/en/paris-eiffel-tower-night-city-view-3296269/

Population synthesis

Travel demand synthesis

Mobility simulation

(MATSim)

Framework to easily set up runnable MATSim (and other) simulations
Collection of open source tools and algorithms for transport simulation
Focus on process from raw data to final results for reproducible research
Increase interoperability of models

Data

Analysis

Two components =

eqasim

Census data

Récensement de la population

Icons on this and following slides: https://fontawesome.com // Background: Simunto VIA

Île-de-France

Dispositif sur les revenus localisés sociaux et fiscaux
Income tax data

FiLo
SoFi

Île-de-France

RP: Flux de mobilité
Commuting data

RP
Mob

FiLoSoFi

Île-de-France

Enquête globale de transport
Household Travel Survey

EGT

FiLoSoFi

RP Mob

Enquête national transports et deplacements
Household Travel Survey

ENTD

Île-de-France

Enquête globale de transport
Household Travel Survey

EGT

FiLoSoFi

RP Mob

Enquête national transports et deplacements
Household Travel Survey

ENTD

Île-de-France

SIRENE
Enterprise census

FiLoSoFi

RP Mob

EGT

ENTD

BD-TOPO
Address database

Île-de-France

FiLoSoFi

RP Mob

EGT

ENTD

SIRENE

Person ID

Age

Gender

Home (X,Y)

male

(65345, ...)

female

(65345, ...)

female

(65345, ...)

BD-TOPO

FiLoSoFi

RP Mob

EGT

ENTD

SIRENE

Person ID

Activity

Start

End

Loc.

523

home

08:00

(x,y)

523

work

08:55

18:12

(x,y)

523

shop

19:10

19:25

(x,y)

523

home

19:40

(x,y)

Person ID

Mode

Start

End

523

Public T.

08:55

523

Public T.

18:12

19:10

523

Walking

19:25

19:40

08:00

BD-TOPO

Île-de-France

OpenStreetMap
Road network

OSM

FiLoSoFi

RP Mob

EGT

ENTD

IDFm GTFS
Public transport schedule

GTFS

SIRENE

OSM

GTFS

Île-de-France

BD-TOPO

Open
Data

Open
Software

Reproducible research

Verifiable results

Integrated testing

Hörl, S. and M. Balac (2021) Open data travel demand synthesis for agent-based transport simulation: A case study of Paris and Île-de-France, Under review.

FiLoSoFi

RP Mob

EGT

ENTD

SIRENE

OSM

GTFS

Île-de-France

BD-TOPO

Even more data!

Since January 2021 opening up of most of the data of IGN

Detailed road network for all France
Detailed building footprints with height, utilisation, number of appartments, ...

FiLoSoFi

RP Mob

EGT

ENTD

SIRENE

OSM

GTFS

Other regions ...

BD-TOPO

Replace for Lyon, Toulouse, Lille, ...

IV. French use cases

Emissions in Île-de-France

Grand Paris Express

Hörl, S., M. Balac and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Dynamic demand estimation for an AMoD system in Paris, paper presented at the 30th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June 2019, Paris, France.

Travel Behaviour

Zurich model, calibrated
for Paris population

Cost sturcture

Adapted from Berlin

AMoD Simulation

Load-balancing heuristic

Automated taxis in Paris

Hörl, S., M. Balac and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Dynamic demand estimation for an AMoD system in Paris, paper presented at the 30th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June 2019, Paris, France.

Travel Behaviour

Zurich model, calibrated
for Paris population

Cost sturcture

Adapted from Berlin

AMoD Simulation

Load-balancing heuristic

Maximum static demand: 2.3M trips

Automated taxis in Paris

Hörl, S., M. Balac and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Dynamic demand estimation for an AMoD system in Paris, paper presented at the 30th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June 2019, Paris, France.

Travel Behaviour

Zurich model, calibrated
for Paris population

Cost sturcture

Adapted from Berlin

AMoD Simulation

Load-balancing heuristic

Maximum static demand: 2.3M trips

Automated taxis in Paris

V. French community

Nantes (Université Gustave Eiffel)

Population synthesis
Noise modelling
Contact: Valentin Le Bescond

Current use cases

Lille (IMT Lille Douai)

Park & ride applications
Road pricing
See ABMTRANS 2021
Contact: Azise Diallo

Current use cases

Toulouse (Odyssee)

Placement and use of shared offices
Contact: Vincent Loubière

Current use cases

Rennes (Tellae)

Micromobility services
Custom simulator: Starling
Contact: Vincent Leblond

Current use cases

Paris / Île-de-France
(LVMT / Ecole de Ponts ParisTech)

Scenario development for sustainable urban transformation
Contact: Nicolas Coulombel

Current use cases

Paris / Île-de-France
(IFP energies nouvelles)

Simulation of cycling and connection to crowdsourced data (see ABMTRANS 2021)
Simulation of home office used based on Covid surveys
Contact: Alexandre Chasse

Current use cases

Paris / Île-de-France
(IRT SystemX)

Simulation of automated shuttle services (see later today)

Current use cases

Lyon (IRT SystemX)

Low-emission parcel delivery simulations

Current use cases

eqasim-org/eqasim-java

eqasim-org/ile-de-france

matsim-org/matsim-libs

Current use cases

eqasim-org/eqasim-java

eqasim-org/ile-de-france

matsim-org/matsim-libs

Current use cases

Getting started

Documentation where to get the data sets

git clone https://github.com/eqasim-org/ile-de-france

conda env create -f environment.yml

python3 -m synpp config_ile_de_france.yml

eqasim-org/ile-de-france

Getting started

Documentation where to get the data sets

git clone https://github.com/eqasim-org/ile-de-france

conda env create -f environment.yml

python3 -m synpp config_ile_de_france.yml

eqasim-org/ile-de-france

Getting started

eqasim-org/ile-de-france

Documentation where to get the data sets

git clone https://github.com/eqasim-org/ile-de-france

conda env create -f environment.yml

python3 -m synpp config_ile_de_france.yml

Getting started

eqasim-org/ile-de-france

Documentation where to get the data sets

git clone https://github.com/eqasim-org/ile-de-france

conda env create -f environment.yml

python3 -m synpp config_ile_de_france.yml

Also ...

eqasim-org/sao_paulo

eqasim-org/california

VI. Projects at

Developments in LEAD

"Digital twins for low emissions last-mile logistics"
Use case: Confluence area in Lyon
Scenario development for parcel delivery
- Population / business growth
- Use of an urban distribution center with cargo-bikes, delivery robots, ...

Lyon

Confluence

First proof-of-concept

Study design

Baseline

Synthetic population
Generated deliveries
Background freight traffic

Hub analysis

Case scenarios

Hub analysis

Future scenarios

Sizing of distribution center
Sizing of distribution fleet
Size of distribution vehicles
Shared of deliveries
(Strict / soft zero-emission zone)
Which configurations are feasible and effective?

Increase of population
Change of demographics
... and generated deliveries
Static increase of background freight (Interface Transport)

Automatic calibration

Rechereche exploratoire

Automatic calibration of model parameters

Automatic calibration

Rechereche exploratoire

Automatic calibration of model parameters

Automatic calibration

Rechereche exploratoire

Automatic calibration of model parameters

Automatic calibration

Rechereche exploratoire

Automatic stopping of the simulation

Hörl, S., Becker, F., Axhausen, K.W. (2021) Simulation of price, customer behaviour and system impact for a cost-covering automated taxi system in Zurich, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 123, 102974.

Automatic calibration

Rechereche exploratoire