• Python Core Developer.

• Maintainer of urllib2 and related modules.

• Software Engineer at Akamai, India.

• Python 3.2a2+ (This is the trunk)

• Python 3.1.2 (release31-maint)

• Python 2.7 (release27-maint)

Unsupported versions:

• Python 3.0 is not there!

• Python 2.6.5 (release26-maint)

• Most of the modules are built on top of socket module.

• They are highlevel modules implmenting Specifications mostly from RFC.

• Provide commonly used helper functions.

• Mercurial

• Google Code (and google-cl)

• youtube-dl

• Bittorrent

• Mailman

• webbrowser

• cgi

• wsgiref

• uuid

• less commonly used protocol modules.

• ftplib

• poplib

• imaplib

• smtplib

• telnetlib

• urllib -> urllib.request, urllib.response, urllib.parse

• urllib2 -> urllib.request, urllib.response, urllib.parse

• urlparse -> urllib.parse

http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3108/

• httplib -> http.client

• cookiekib -> http.cookiejar

• Cookie -> http.cookies

• BaseHTTPServer -> http.server

• SimpleHTTPServer -> http.server

• CGIHTTPServer -> http.server

• SocketServer -> socketserver

• xmlrpclib -> xmlrpc.client

• SimpleXMLRPCServer -> xmlrpc.server

• DocXMLRPCServer -> xmlrpc.server

• Module for Handling all different kinds of browsers

url = 'http://www.python.org/'
webbrowser.open_new_tab(url + 'doc/')
webbrowser.open_new(url)

• Support for Common Gateway Interface Scripts

print "Content-Type: text/html"
print
print "<h1>Hello,World</h1>"

• FieldStorage class for handling forms.

import cgitb
cgitb.enable()

• The Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI)

• PEP 333

• Django, TurboGears, App Engine, all many different Web Frameworks.

• Standardization helps. You speak one language and follow similar protocols.

• wsgiref is the reference implementation of WSGI Specification.

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
def hello_world_app(environ, start_response):
    status = '200 OK'
    headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain')]
    start_response(status, headers)
    return ["Hello World"]
httpd = make_server('', 8000, hello_world_app)
httpd.serve_forever()

• Universally Unique Identifier (RFC 4122)

>>> import uuid
>>> print uuid.uuid1()
32fb97c6-c8d3-11df-a47f-00216bad94a4
>>> print uuid.uuid4()
f9e0a0cd-23dd-46c8-95d6-e0bb0198c121

• Higher Level Interface for Fetching Data from the Web.

• Clients/ Client libraries which handle URLs.

• urllib.urlopen

• Next Version of urllib.

• Create a Request Object.

• Have different Handlers depending upon the Protocol.

• Get the Response by the corresponding Handler object.

• Builder Design Pattern

• Parse the URLs into its constituents.

• It is required when are building bigger applications.

• Referencing sections within pages.

• Parse IPv6 URLs too.

• It is the underlying layer to the urllib.

• It implements HTTP/1.1 spec.

• Implements the HTTP States on top of socket.

• Defines the FTP class and related items. The FTP class implments the client side FTP protocol.

• Internally used by urllib module for handling ftp urls.

• Got support FTP TLS from Python 2.7 onwards.

• Handling synchronous network requests.

• Helper classes for Mixins.

+------------+
| BaseServer |
+------------+
      |
      v
+-----------+        +------------------+
| TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |
+-----------+        +------------------+
      |
      v
+-----------+        +--------------------+
| UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |
+-----------+        +--------------------+

• BaseHTTPServer

• SimpleHTTPServer

• CGIHTTPServer

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000

• XML-RPC client code; it handles all the details of translating between conformable Python objects and XML on the wire.

import xmlrpclib
proxy = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://localhost:8000/")
print "3 is even: %s" % str(proxy.is_even(3))
print "100 is even: %s" % str(proxy.is_even(100))

import xmlrpclib
from SimpleXMLRPCServer import SimpleXMLRPCServer

def is_even(n):
    return n%2 == 0

server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(("localhost", 8000))
print "Listening on port 8000..."
server.register_function(is_even, "is_even")
server.serve_forever()

• http://docs.python.org/py3k/

• http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/

• http://diveintopython3.org/

• http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3108/

• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1453952/most-useful-python-modules-from-the-standard-library

Senthil Kumaran <orsenthil@gmail.com>