Casting in C++
Thameera Senanayaka
Allion Technologies
Casting
- Also called type conversion
- Changing a value of one data type to another
Implicit conversions
int a = 5;
double b = a;
C-Style Casts
double d = 3.0;
int i = (int)d;
C-Style casts can be abused
- You can change type of variable without much effort
- Hard to identify where type casting is used
- Doesn't work well with inheritance and polymorphism
C++-Style Casts
- static_cast
- const_cast
- dynamic_cast
- reinterpret_cast
static_cast
- This is the general purpose cast
- Can be used to reverse an implicit conversion
- Performs no runtime checks
void func( void *data )
{
Image *img = static_cast< Image* >( data );
// ...
}
const_cast
- Used to remove const to a variable
- No any other C++ cast can remove it
const char *name = "abc";
someFunction( const_cast< char* >( name ) );
dynamic_cast
- Exclusively used for handling polymorphism
- If it can't cast, it'll throw NULL at runtime
void func( Image *img )
{
if( PngImage *png = dynamic_cast< PngImage* >( img ) )
{
}
else if( JpgImage *jpg = dynamic_cast< JpgImage* >( img ) )
{
}
}
reinterpret_cast
- The most dangerous cast
- Turns one type directly into another
- Disregards all kinds of type safety
- Casting back to original type will yield the same value only if intermediate type has enough capacity
long val = 0x12345cafebabe;
char *charPtr = reinterpret_cast< char* >( &val );
for( int i = 0; i < sizeof( long ); ++i )
{
std::cout << byteToHex( *charPtr ) << std::endl;
charPtr++;
}
C-style cast order
- const_cast
- static_cast
- static_cast, const_cast
- reinterpret_cast
- reinterpret_cast, const_cast
C-style casts are dangerous because they can turn into reinterpret_casts
Thank you!
Casting in C++
By Thameera
Casting in C++
- 1,038