CUBISM

• Art is broken down, analyzed and reassembled into abstract forms

1. Analytical Cubism (1907-1911): Fragmentary appearance of multiple viewpoints and overlapping planes
2. Synthetic Cubism (1912–1914): Simpler shapes, brighter colors

Les demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)

• Inspired by tribal art and geometric renditions of nature led to invention of collage
• Began to conceive ideas of a picture as an arrangement of signs

Pablo Picasso

Violin and Pallete (1909)

• Frequent collaborated with Picasso
• Shares similar pallets, style, subject

• "Devoid of iconological commentary"
• Primarily concerned with space and composition

Georges Braque

• Artwork more graphic
• Distinguishable thanks to his background in illustration
• His saturated colors influence upcoming art movements

Still Life with Open Window (1915)

Cubism's use of fragments assisted in furthering the many different typographical movements during the 20th Century

Design creates a tension that challenges viewers to interpret the subject matter

Type integrated into the artwork

Newspapers, Advertising and Packaging were treated as a part of contemporary urban life

• Collage
• The Painted Letter

FUTURISM

• Embraced technological progress and dynamism of the modern age
• Emphasized speed, technology, youth and violence in the years preceding World War I

The Charge of the Lancers (1915)

Abstract Speed + Sound (1914)

• Poet & painter
• Father of Futurism in Ukraine and Russia
• Fascinated with nature and Scythian culture

Encounters Cubism, matches its style with dynamism and violent societal upheaval

• Sculpter
• Painter
• Depicts light, movement and speed

Umberto Boccioni

David Burliuk

Giacomo Balla

Manifesto of Futurism (1909)

Filippo Marinetti

Filippo Marinetti abandoned traditional grammar, punctuation and format to create vivid pictorial typographic pages

Nouns

Hierarchy determined through size, weight and placement

Constructivist Movement

Monument to the Third International, Tatlin (1919-1920)

Constructivism 

• Was an architectural movement that started in 1913 in Russia by Vladmir Tatlin
• Influenced the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements and other subjects such as graphic design and industrial design

Spatial Construction 12, Rodchenko (1920)

El Lissitzky (1890-1941)

• Avant Garde artist that used a lot of abstract imagery
• Used a lot of shapes and colors to tell stories

Beat The Whites With The Red Wedge (1919)

Varvara Stepanova (1894-1958)

• Shows direct influence to cubist and futurist movements
• Created variety of things such as posters to costumes

Ad for Lengiz Publishing House

Aleksandr Rodchenko (1891-1956)

• Constructivist that later become futurist designer
• Wanted to take a physical approach to changing both Russia’s politics and society

Dance, An Objectless Composition (1915)

Kazmir Malevich (1879-1935)

• Created "supremacist" style as a symbol that the color and shape should rein supreme over the image or narrative
• Believed art should transcend subject matter

Airplane Flying (1915)

Gustav Klustis (1895-1938)

• Made photomontages very popular which led to the soviet state and its workers to even further towards modernization
• Murdered by Stalin due to Latvian heritage

Construction (1921)

Karel Teige (1900-1951)

• Edited very influential Avante Garde journals in Czech and International Culture Affairs
• His work has been revived in many countries including Prague after 1989

Stavba a basen (1927)

Dada Movement

Cut with the Kitchen Knife (1919) - Hannah Hoch

Dadaism

• Reaction to the nationalism and industrialization that led to WWI
• Mocked nationalism, materialism, posed questions about life, etc.
• Made use of readymade objects and collage

L.H.O.O.Q. (1919) - Marcel Duchamp

Dada & Typography

• Mixing of different fonts
• Us*ng punctuation in un!ntended ways
•                       horizontal and 

Poster for Salon Dada (1921) - Tristan Tzara

    Every page should explode, either because of its staggering absurdity, the enthusiasm of its principles, or its typography.

- Tristan Tzara

“

Dada Works

Fountain (1917) - Marcel Duchamp

Cover of the Exhibition of the First Dada Fair (1920) - John Heartfield and others

Kurt Schwitter

• German painter, sculptor & typographer

• Released periodical called Merz; very experimental

Samples of Merz Publication - Kurt Schwitter

Kurt Schwitter's Work

Page from Vol. 6 of Merz

Kurt Schwitter's Work

Page from Vol. 6 of Merz

Cover of Vol. 6 of Merz

John Heartfield

• German graphic designer and artist

• Designed book jackets, typography and layouts

• Produced political photomontages 

Mimikry (1935)

John Heartfield's Works

Inside Jedermann sein eigner Fussball (Everyone His Own Soccerball)

Cover of the newspaper Jedermann sein eigner Fussball (Everyone His Own Soccerball)

John Heartfield's Works

5 Finger Has a Hand (1928)

Surrealism

African Sonata - Vladimir Kush

Surrealism

• Art movement about embracing the irrational
• Revolved around expressing the true unconscious thoughts
• Heavily inspired by Freud

The Persistence of Memory (1931) - Salvador Dali

Surrealism & Typography

• Was more of an art movement than a design movement
• Often the typographic work was surreal and expressive in itself
• Strongly inspired by Dada

Alphabet by Jindřich Heisler & Arrangement by Pierre Faucheux for Les manifestes du surréalisme

Jindřich Heisler

• Czech poet, photographer and a maker
• Joined the Surrealist movement after surviving German occupation
• Known for creating wood cut alphabet

Woodcut Replica of Heisler's Alphabet

Jindřich Heisler

Woodcut Replica of Heisler's Letter A

Pierre Faucheux

• French graphic designer, typographer & architect

• Tried to express ideas with his open use typography

• Known for designing book covers

Cover of Elevator to the Gallows

Pierre Fauchex's Work

Cover of Impressions of Africa

Cover of Jacques the Fatalist and his Master

Pierre Fauchex's Work

Cover of Poetry

Back of Poetry

Stefan Sagmeister

• Austrian Graphic Designer and Typographer

• Works in NY at his own design firm

• Known for designing album covers

Everything I Do Always Comes Back to Me (2008)

Stefan Sagmeister's Work

Sagmeister's Design Firm's Campaign for Aizone Fall/Winter 2013

Stefan Sagmeister's Work

CD Cover for Pat Methany, Imaginary Day (1997)

Avant Garde Movement

• Experimental in nature

• A label given to artists and work that challenges traditional and current art movements by exploring new forms

• Art should be judged primarily on the quality and originality of the artist's vision and ideas

Guillaume Apollinaire

• French poet and art critic

• Became famous for his experimental visual appearance of poetry using unconventional layouts and typography

• Lines of poems were arranged in the shape of the object it described

Hugo Ball

• Born in German 1886

• Pioneer in development of sound poetry

• In 1916, influenced the Dada movement with the Dada Manifesto 

Hugo Ball reading his poem, "Karawane"

• Poem consists on nonsensical words

• Meaning resides in its meaninglessness

Pushes boundaries

Thank You!