Wei Zhu（祝伟）
I'm now an Assistant Professor in the Department of Astronomy at Tsinghua University in Beijing.
Many Kepler Planets Have Distant Companions
Wei Zhu (祝伟)
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
2019 March 6, Kepler & K2 SciCon V
Intrinsic architecture of
inner planetary System
- 30% of Sun-like stars have Kepler planets.
- Each system has on average 3 planets within 1 AU.
- Fewer-planet systems are dynamically hotter.
- Multi-planet systems are not always coplanar.
- No Kepler dichotomy.
- Our solar systems fits "well" in this picture.
i, e∝kα
i,~e \propto k^\alpha
Zhu et al., 2018, ApJ, 860, 101
(see Xie et al. 2016; Van Eylen et al. 2018 for e part)
Orbital eccentricity
HATNet
Kepler
Cold Jupiters
Cold Neptunes
(Data from NASA Exoplanet Archive)
Kepler
planets
(30%)
Go beyond 1 AU
~10% of Sun-like stars have cold giant planets (e.g., Cumming+08, Mayor+11)
Cold Neptunes are common
(e.g., Gould+06, Suzuki+16)
The outer companion dominates the mass and angular momentum budget
Super Earth-cold Jupiter relations
Cold Jupiters
Super Earths
22 from Kepler (triangles) + 39 from RV (squares)
Zhu & Wu, 2018, AJ, 156, 92
(see also Bryan et al. 2019)
Cold Jupiters
Super Earths
P(CJ∣SE)≈33% vs. P(CJ)=10%
P({\rm CJ}|{\rm SE}) \approx 33\% {\rm ~vs.~} P({\rm CJ})=10\%
Zhu & Wu, 2018, AJ, 156, 92
(see also Bryan et al. 2019)
22 from Kepler (triangles) + 39 from RV (squares)
Super Earth-cold Jupiter relations
-
1/3 of Kepler systems have cold Jupiter companions.
- >50%, if [Fe/H]>0.
Cold Jupiters
Super Earths
P(CJ∣SE)≈33% vs. P(CJ)=10%
P({\rm CJ}|{\rm SE}) \approx 33\% {\rm ~vs.~} P({\rm CJ})=10\%
Zhu & Wu, 2018, AJ, 156, 92
(see also Bryan et al. 2019)
22 from Kepler (triangles) + 39 from RV (squares)
Super Earth-cold Jupiter relations
-
1/3 of Kepler systems have cold Jupiter companions.
- >50%, if [Fe/H]>0.
Cold Jupiters
Super Earths
P(CJ∣SE)≈33% vs. P(CJ)=10%
P({\rm CJ}|{\rm SE}) \approx 33\% {\rm ~vs.~} P({\rm CJ})=10\%
Zhu & Wu, 2018, AJ, 156, 92
(see also Bryan et al. 2019)
22 from Kepler (triangles) + 39 from RV (squares)
Super Earth-cold Jupiter relations
P(SE)=30%
P({\rm SE}) = 30\%
P(SE∣CJ)=P(CJ)P(SE)P(CJ∣SE)≈100%
P({\rm SE}|{\rm CJ}) = \frac{P({\rm SE})}{P({\rm CJ})} P({\rm CJ}|{\rm SE}) \approx 100\%
- 1/3 of Kepler systems have cold Jupiter companions.
- >50%, if [Fe/H]>0.
- Cold Jupiters (almost) always have inner super Earth companions!
(Un)Popularity of Solar system
P(no SE, CJ)=[1−P(SE∣CJ)]×P(CJ)≈1%
P({\rm no~SE,~CJ}) = [1-P({\rm SE}|{\rm CJ})] \times P({\rm CJ}) \approx 1\%
Zhu & Wu, 2018, AJ, 156, 92
- Solar system has no super Earth (70%).
- Solar system has a cold Jupiter (10%).
TESS discovers a super Earth in
pi Mensae system
10MJ3 AUe=0.6
10 M_{\rm J}\\
3~{\rm AU}\\
e=0.6
5M⊕6 d
5 M_\oplus\\
6~{\rm d}
Huang et al., (2018)
(see also Gandolfi et al. 2018)
TESS + Gaia
- TESS
- 1000s of close-in small planets (e.g., Sullivan+15)
- Gaia
- 1000s of cold giants (Perryman+14)
- TESS+Gaia provides ~1000 of multi-planet systems
Zhu & Wu, 2018, AJ, 156, 92
Super Earth & cold Jupiter
show strong correlations
-
Formation
- They do not compete for building blocks.
- Cold Jupiters require more stringent conditions.
- Evolution
Zhu & Wu, 2018, AJ, 156, 92
(see also Zhu, 2019, ApJ, 873, 8)
1/3 of Kepler systems have cold Jupiter companions,
what about the other 2/3?
(see Miranda Herman's talk tomorrow)
HATNet
Keck
Cold Jupiters
(~10%)
Cold Neptunes
- Most Kepler-like planetary systems have outer giant planets.
- Almost all cold giant planets have inner small planets.
- Cold planets play important roles in the formation and evolution of the inner system.
Cold giant planets:
Elephant in the room?
Kepler planets
(30%)
Zhu & Wu (2018)
Herman, Zhu, & Wu (2019)
Back-up slides
Intrinsic Architecture
inclination dispersion of k−planet system∝kα
{\rm inclination~dispersion~of~} \\
k{\rm -planet~system} \propto k^\alpha
Zhu, Petrovich, Wu et al., 2018
Planet-planet mutual inclinations affect the occurrence rate of planetary systems
# of planetary systems=detectability of individual system# of detected systems
{\rm \#~of~planetary~systems} = \frac{\rm \#~of~detected~systems}{\rm detectability~of~individual~system}
mutual inclination
Planet-planet mutual inclinations affect the occurrence rate of planetary systems
# of planetary systems=detectability of individual system# of detected systems
{\rm \#~of~planetary~systems} = \frac{\rm \#~of~detected~systems}{\rm detectability~of~individual~system}
Fraction of Sun-like stars with planets
- >50% (Fressin et al. 2013; Petigura et al. 2013; Winn & Fabrycky 2015)
- 30% (Zhu, Petrovich, Wu et al. 2018)
Many Kepler Planets Have Distant Companions Wei Zhu (祝伟) Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics 2019 March 6, Kepler & K2 SciCon V
K2SciCon V
By Wei Zhu（祝伟）
K2SciCon V
Talk at the 2019 K2 Science Conference in Glendale CA
- 1,039
