Lịch sử Thư viện Việt Nam: Xây dựng và sử dụng những thư viện Việt Nam (1887-1986)

Đề cương nghiên cứu luận án tiến sĩ

Cindy A. Nguyen

Khoa lịch sử, Trường Đại học California, Berkeley

Slides

• Slide tiếng Việt
  • http://slides.com/cindyanguyen/lich-su-thu-vien-viet-nam/
• Slide English
  • https://slides.com/cindyanguyen/history-libraries-vn/

Kế hoạch Nghiên cứu

• Phần 1 Hà Nội: Đông dương pháp thuộc 1887-1945 Central Library/Pierre Pasquier, thư viện miền bắc (TTLT1, TVQG)

Part 1

1887-1945

Tài liệu Tham khảo

• Báo cáo thư viện và chính phủ
• Thống kê số độc giả, mượn tài liệu
• Thông tin tài chính thư viện (xây dựng, tài liệu, tiền lương nhân viên)
• Báo chí, tạp chí
• Danh mục thư viện, danh mục mượn tài liệu

Research Schedule

• Part 1 Hanoi: French colonial Indochina 1887-1945 Central Library/Pierre Pasquier, libraries in North Vietnam (TTLT1, TVQG)
• Part 2 Hanoi: Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1945-1975, National Library of Vietnam, libraries in North, Socialist libraries and context of war (TTLT3)
• Part 3 HCMC: French colonial Indochina 1887-1945, Libary of Saigon, libraries in South Vietnam (TTLT2, TTLT4)
• Part 4 HCMC: Republic of Vietnam 1945-1975, National Library of South Vietnam (TVKHTH)
• Part 5 Hanoi & HCMC: 1975-1986 post war centralization of libraries

1. Official: French Colonial Indochina and regional libraries

• 1907: La bibliotheque franco-annamite du Protectorat (franco-annamite de vulgarisation) (Hanoi)

• 1907: Bibliotheque de la Saigon

• 1917: Bibliothèque Centrale/ Bibliothèque Pierre Pasquier (Hanoi)

Central Library

• Founded in Hanoi in 1917, part of centralization of libraries and archives in Indochina
• Paul Boudet, director
• Largest collection of books, serials through legal deposit, purchases, donations

Central Library: Consultations

• 1929: số lượng độc giả Pháp và Việt bằng nhau
• 1930 trở lên: số lượng độc giả Việt cao hơn Pháp, và đã gấp đôi vào từ 1937 trở lên

Central Library: Users

2. Associations: Organization and village libraries

• 1865: Bibliotheque de le societe des etudes indochinoises

• 1913: Bibliotheque de l'association des amis du vieux Hue

• 1933: Arras Street Reading Room (Saigon)

• 1935: Bibliotheque de l'association franco-annamite du Nghe An

• 1936: Bibliotheque de la ligue des Amis de l'Annam

• 1937: Association des “Travailleurs du Livre du Tonkin” (Bắc kỳ Ấn công Ái hữu hội)

Hội Khai trí Thanh niên và thư viện làng Khánh an - 1937

• Mục đích 1: mua sách sử, luật pháp, nhật báo chữ quốc ngữ cho thư viện, mở mang trí hoá và kiến thức, truyền bá những nghĩa đạo lý
• Mục đích 2: giúp việc từ thiện cứu tế trong hương thôn

3. Commercial: Reading lists, bookstores, printers, subscription libraries

• 1920: bibliotheque en gare de Haiphong (newspapers, books, tabacco)

• 1934: Nam Ký (printer, publisher, bookstore, library) Hanoi

  • Bibliothèque de Prêt “Nam Ky”

  • Bibliothèque scolaire Franco-Annamite

Nam Ký Nhà xuất bản, nhà sách, thư viện (Subscription Library) - 1930's

Tràng An báo, Số 877, 18 Tháng Mười 1941, TVQG

What story does the library tell?

• national institution - essential, symbolic, change over time

• intersection of state and commercial

• shaped and is shaped by the concepts of

  • public, public sphere, popular tastes

  • education, self-learning

• embodies

  • utopic visions of control, organization, and spread of information and knowledge

  • archive of literary and publishing history

So what?

• Information as objects (material, books, collections)

• Economics of the national library - disseminate and preserve information

• Universal standards and recognition

• State legitimacy

• FRENCH

  • connaissance (knowledge, understanding, familiarity),  renseignement (intelligence, details)

  • informations, données (data, facts)

• VIETNAMESE

  • tin tức (news), tài liệu (document, data); kiến thức (knowledge, understanding, learning)

  • sự cung cấp tin tức (act of supplying news); sự thông tin (act of supplying information)

"Information"

Post-colonial: Republic of Vietnam (S)

"The Starving National Library" "Tìm Hiểu" by Phan Lam Huong  1972

• overflowing, disorderly materials without proper organization capacity (staff, money, technology)

• goal: improve technologies, increase collection of "international newspapers in order to develop the nation" increase services to support readers to the level of other foreign countries (thus, will send libraries to be trained abroad)

Post-colonial: Democratic Republic of Vietnam (N)

"Libraries in the Service of Science and Technology" in Librarians for Social Change 1972 by Nguyen Quang Hy

• need for "knowledge" for the people

  • "...storehouse of materials. They are places which store wisdom and circulate knowledge of every aspect of mankind, in this country and abroad; all the knowledge of days past as well as that of today."

• provide materials (of science and technology) as well as ideological education and diffusion of knowledge

• national library= integrated scientific library, 300,000 volumes

• economically viable and efficient

• need: coordination of materials, finding foreign materials

• COLONIAL

  • encylopedic library

  • danger of ignorance, importance of organized knowledge

• POST-COLONIAL

  • distribute scientific knowledge

  • importance of information technology, foreign aid, strengthen nation

Justifications for libraries

“The plan should give immediate attention to the priority unification of the National Library and the General Library into a single, strong entity that will serve both as focal point of the National effort, and demonstration laboratory for improved systems and procedures.”

- 1966 US Management Services report