University of Delaware

Department of Physics and Astronomy

Biden School of Public Policy and Administration

Data Science Institute

Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time

Deputy Project Scientist, Rubin Construction

Interim Head of Science, Rubin Operations

Image credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss

slides available at

https://slides.com/federicabianco/metal23

This is a living land acknowledgement developed in consultation with tribal leadership of Poutaxet, what is now known as the “Delaware Bay,” including: the Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, the Nanticoke Indian Tribe, and the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation in 2021. We thank these leaders for their generosity.

The University of Delaware occupies lands vital to the web of life for Lenni Lenape and Nanticoke, who share their ancestry, history, and future in this region. UD has financially benefited from this regional occupation as well as from Indigenous territories that were expropriated through the United States land grant system. European colonizers and later the United States forced Nanticoke and Lenni Lenape westward and northward, where they formed nations in present-day Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and Ontario, Canada. Others never left their homelands or returned from exile when they could. We express our appreciation for ongoing Indigenous stewardship of the ecologies and traditions of this region. While the harms to Indigenous people and their homelands are beyond repair, we commit to building right relationships going forward by collaborating with tribal leadership on actionable institutional steps.

Rubin Observatory

Site: Cerro Pachon, Chile

Funding: US NSF + DOE

Status: final phases of construction - completion expected 2023

@fedhere

September 2016

@fedhere

Fabruary 2020

@fedhere

May 2022

@fedhere

November 2022

@fedhere

May 2022

May 2022 - Telescope Mount Assembly

The DOE LSST Camera - 3.2 Gigapixel

3.2 Gigapixel camera

378 4K ultra-high-definition TV

The DOE LSST Camera - 3.2 Gigapixel

Camera and Cryostat integration completed at SLAC in May,

Shutter and filter auto-changer integrated into camera body

3024 science raft amplifier channels, only 3 are substandard.

400 4K HD TVs

u g r i z y

UV

N I R

Rubin Focus Issue of ApJS on Rubin Survey Strategy Optimization

https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0067-0049/page/rubin_cadence

LSST Data Volume: a change of perspective

Rubin will see ~1000 SN every night!

A lot of them will be too faint to study with traditional means, particularly spectra.

Lots of emphasis in new analysis techniques that rely on "Big Data"

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/History_of_supernova_observation

federica bianco fbianco@udel.edu

@fedhere

federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu

@fedhere

At this level of precision,everything is variable, everything is blended, everything is moving.

	u,g,r,i,z,y
Photometric precision Photometric accuracy Astrometric precision Astrometric accuracy # visits* mag single image* mag single coadd*	5 mmag 10 mmag 10 mas 50 mas 44, 63, 178, 182, 154, 160 23.8, 24.5, 24.0, 23.4 22.7, 23 26.9, 26.9, 26.4, 25.6, 24.8

SDSS

LSST-like HSC composite

http://faculty.washington.edu/ivezic/talks/NASAseminar.pdf

ls.st/srd

*pstn-054.lsst.io

SDSS 2x4 arcmin sq griz

MYSUC (Gawiser 2014) 1 mag shallower than LSST coadds

federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu

At this level of precision,everything is variable, everything is blended, everything is moving.

ls.st/srd

http://faculty.washington.edu/ivezic/talks/NASAseminar.pdf

@fedhere

*pstn-054.lsst.io

	u,g,r,i,z,y
Photometric precision Photometric accuracy Astrometric precision Astrometric accuracy # visits* mag single image* mag single coadd*	5 mmag 10 mmag 10 mas 50 mas 44, 63, 178, 182, 154, 160 23.8, 24.5, 24.0, 23.4 22.7, 23 26.9, 26.9, 26.4, 25.6, 24.8

~1000 images per night

10M alerts per night (5sigma changes)

17B stars Ivezic+18

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky

(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009

Rubin Transients by the number

SKA

(2025)

(original graphics: Leanne Guy)

Data Products

federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu

@fedhere

world public!

federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu

@fedhere

world public!

Rubin Observatory LSST

federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu

@fedhere

LSST Science Drivers

Probing Dark Energy and Dark Matter

LSST Science Drivers

Taking an inventory of the solar system

from threatening NEO to the distant Oort Cloud

image credit ESO-Gaia

LSST Science Drivers

Mapping the Milky Way (and Local Volume)

LSST Science Drivers

image credit: ESA-Justyn R. Maund

Exploring the Transients and Variable Universe

10M alerts every night shared with the world

60 seconds after observation

17B stars Ivezic+18

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky

(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009

Rubin Transients by the number

17B stars Ivezic+18

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky

(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009

Rubin Transients by the number

SKA

(2025)

17B stars Ivezic+18

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky

(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009

Rubin Transients by the number

SKA

(2025)

17B stars Ivezic+18

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky

(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009

Rubin Transients by the number

SKA

(2025)

17B stars Ivezic+19

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018

Rubin Transients by the number

SKA

(2025)

17B stars Ivezic+19

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018

~ 50k Tidal Disruption Events Brickman+ 2020

Rubin Transients by the number

SKA

(2025)

17B stars Ivezic+19

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018

~ 50k Tidal Disruption Events Brickman+ 2020

> 10 Interstellar Objects (aliens?)

Rubin Transients by the number

SKA

(2025)

17B stars Ivezic+19

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018

~ 50k Tidal Disruption Events Brickman+ 2020

> 10 Interstellar Objects (aliens?)

SN?

Rubin Transients by the number

SKA

(2025)

Rubin Transients by the number

17B stars Ivezic+19

~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21

∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19

~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)

~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018

~ 50k Tidal Disruption Events Brickman+ 2020

> 10 Interstellar Objects (aliens?)

~1000 SN / night

LSST

federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu

@fedhere

Rubin will see ~1000 SN every night!

Credit: Alex Gagliano University of Illinois, IAIFI fellow 2023

LSST time domain data products

What time scales can LSST probe?

Ivezić+2019

We study rare and unusual transients with machine learning and probabilistic inference

FASTLab

Image Credit: Xiaolong Li

What time scales can LSST probe?

Ivezić+2019

LSST has profoundly changed the TDA infrastructure

Discovery Engine

10M alerts/night

Community Brokers

target observation managers

the astronomy discovery chain

Pitt-Google

Broker

BABAMUL

Photometric Classification of transients

highest participation of any astronomical Kaggle challenges

Kaggle PLAsTiCC challenge

AVOCADO classifier

https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04690

Kaggle PLAsTiCC challenge

AVOCADO classifier

https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04690

Kaggle PLAsTiCC challenge

AVOCADO classifier

https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04690

Presto Color observing strategy

proposing an LSST strategy collecting 3 images in 1 night in 2 filters Bianco et al. 2019

also:

w FBB and Xiaolong Li 2021

A probabilistic classifier for unusual transients within a single night of observations

Mr. Ming Lian Master Thesis

Sampling 40,000 transients

for each of 22 classes

in a hypercube in 6 dimensions:

- DT1

- DT2

- Filter 1

- Filter 2

- color

- magnitude

Sampling 40,000 transients

for each of 22 classes

in a hypercube in 6 dimensions:

- DT1

- DT2

- Filter 1

- Filter 2

- color

- magnitude

Punusual~0.95

Punusual~0.01

A probabilistic classifier for unusual transients within a single night of observations

Mr. Ming Lian Master Thesis

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

can we tell them apart from their LSST lightcurves?

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Open Astronomy Catalogs API

James Guillochon

165 well-observed SESNe

for constructing templates

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Open Astronomy Catalogs API

James Guillochon

165 well-observed SESNe

for constructing templates

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Weighted median SESN templates

relative mag

We demonstrate that using the weighed average induces bias

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

- using SESN templates to start the Gaussian Processes fit

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

- using SESN templates to start the Gaussian Processes fit

- fitting in log-time because the SN evolution is faster at earlier epochs, slower later

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

- using SESN templates to start the Gaussian Processes fit

- fitting in log-time because the SN evolution is faster at earlier epochs, slower later

- double exponential kernel

two parameters to optimize

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

- using SESN templates to start the Gaussian Processes fit

- fitting in log-time because the SN evolution is faster at earlier epochs, slower later

- double exponential kernel

- choosing GP parameters by

- maximizing goodness of fit

- and minimizing oscillations

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Problems with the PLAsTiCC data may lead to biased classification models!

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

SCONE, Qu et al 2021

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

The PLAsTiCC successor, ELAsTiCC, is an improvement, but still shows issues: large variance, some bias

Gaussian Processes subtype templates for IIb, Ib Ic, Ic-bl, Ibn

Dr. Somayeh Khakpash

LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers

Data-Driven Templates for stripped SESN

Identifying unusal SESNe

Relative magnitude

Phase (days)

thank you!

University of Delaware

Department of Physics and Astronomy

Biden School of Public Policy and Administration

Data Science Institute

@fedhere

federica bianco

fbianco@udel.edu

LSST survey strategy optimization

Rubin LSST survey design

distributions of time gaps

in 76 LSST simulations (2018)

Rubin LSST survey design

Li et al. 2021

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ac3bca

Rubin Focus Issue of ApJS on Rubin Survey Strategy Optimization

https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0067-0049/page/rubin_cadence

A focus issue of ApJS to publish LSST cadence proposals work

Rubin LSST survey design

Bianco et al. 2021

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ac3e72

https://www.lsst.org/content/charge-survey-cadence-optimization-committee-scoc

Because the Rubin LSST data is open to all US scientists and to a broader yet community worldwide, to truly make it a survey of and for and of the people, Rubin Observatory called the community to design its survey -

this is a uniquely "democratic" process!