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Vera C. Rubin Observatory:
Ushering a New Era of TDA
Federica Bianco
University of Delaware
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Biden School of Public Policy and Administration
Data Science Institute
Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Deputy Project Scientist, Rubin Construction
Interim Head of Science, Rubin Operation
slides available at
This is a living land acknowledgement developed in consultation with tribal leadership of Poutaxet, what is now known as the “Delaware Bay,” including: the Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, the Nanticoke Indian Tribe, and the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation in 2021. We thank these leaders for their generosity.
The University of Delaware occupies lands vital to the web of life for Lenni Lenape and Nanticoke, who share their ancestry, history, and future in this region. UD has financially benefited from this regional occupation as well as from Indigenous territories that were expropriated through the United States land grant system. European colonizers and later the United States forced Nanticoke and Lenni Lenape westward and northward, where they formed nations in present-day Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and Ontario, Canada. Others never left their homelands or returned from exile when they could. We express our appreciation for ongoing Indigenous stewardship of the ecologies and traditions of this region. While the harms to Indigenous people and their homelands are beyond repair, we commit to building right relationships going forward by collaborating with tribal leadership on actionable institutional steps.
Vera C. Rubin Observatory:
Ushering a New Era of TDA
Site: Cerro Pachon, Chile
Funding: US NSF + DOE
Status: final phases of construction - completion expected 2023
September 2016
Fabruary 2020
May 2022
November 2022
May 2022
May 2022 - Telescope Mount Assembly
3.2 Gigapixel camera
378 4K ultra-high-definition TV
Camera and Cryostat integration completed at SLAC in May,
Shutter and filter auto-changer integrated into camera body
3024 science raft amplifier channels, only 3 are substandard.
Summer 2021
𝑢 (left) and 𝑦 band (right) magnitude corrections associated with read-noise, QE, and vignetting effects for each amplifier in the CCD plane.
ΔCm∞
0.4
- 0.4
AuxTel is being used for monthly on-sky commissioning runs 3 nights/lunar cycle:
|
LOVE: LSST Operations Visualization Environment
LSST Data Volume: a change of perspective
Rubin will see ~1000 SN every night!
A lot of them will be too faint to study with traditional means, particularly spectra.
Lots of emphasis in new analysis techniques that rely on "Big Data"
~1000 images per night
10M alerts per night (5sigma changes)
17B stars Ivezic+18
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky
(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009
SKA
(2025)
(original graphics: Leanne Guy)
At this level of precision,everything is variable, everything is blended, everything is moving.
u,g,r,i,z,y | |
---|---|
Photometric precision Photometric accuracy Astrometric precision Astrometric accuracy # visits* mag single image* mag single coadd* |
5 mmag 10 mmag 10 mas 50 mas 44, 63, 178, 182, 154, 160 23.8, 24.5, 24.0, 23.4 22.7, 23 26.9, 26.9, 26.4, 25.6, 24.8 |
SDSS
LSST-like HSC composite
http://faculty.washington.edu/ivezic/talks/NASAseminar.pdf
SDSS 2x4 arcmin sq griz
MYSUC (Gawiser 2014) 1 mag shallower than LSST coadds
At this level of precision,everything is variable, everything is blended, everything is moving.
http://faculty.washington.edu/ivezic/talks/NASAseminar.pdf
u,g,r,i,z,y | |
---|---|
Photometric precision Photometric accuracy Astrometric precision Astrometric accuracy # visits* mag single image* mag single coadd* |
5 mmag 10 mmag 10 mas 50 mas 44, 63, 178, 182, 154, 160 23.8, 24.5, 24.0, 23.4 22.7, 23 26.9, 26.9, 26.4, 25.6, 24.8 |
LSST Science Drivers
Probing Dark Energy and Dark Matter
LSST Science Drivers
Taking an inventory of the solar system
from threatening NEO to the distant Oort Cloud
image credit ESO-Gaia
LSST Science Drivers
Mapping the Milky Way (and Local Volume)
LSST Science Drivers
image credit: ESA-Justyn R. Maund
Exploring the Transients and Variable Universe
10M alerts every night shared with the world
60 seconds after observation
17B stars Ivezic+18
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky
(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009
17B stars Ivezic+18
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky
(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009
SKA
(2025)
17B stars Ivezic+18
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky
(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009
SKA
(2025)
17B stars Ivezic+18
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~1000 SNe every night in the LSST sky
(10K/year) LSST SCs 2009
SKA
(2025)
17B stars Ivezic+19
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018
SKA
(2025)
17B stars Ivezic+19
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018
~ 50k Tidal Disruption Events Brickman+ 2020
SKA
(2025)
17B stars Ivezic+19
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018
~ 50k Tidal Disruption Events Brickman+ 2020
> 10 Interstellar Objects (aliens?)
SKA
(2025)
LSST time domain data products
What time scales can LSST probe?
Ivezić+2019
What time scales can LSST probe?
Ivezić+2019
world public!
world public!
17B stars Ivezic+19
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018
~ 50k Tidal Disruption Events Brickman+ 2020
> 10 Interstellar Objects (aliens?)
SN?
SKA
(2025)
17B stars Ivezic+19
~10 million QSO Mary Loli+21
∼200 quadruply-lensed quasars Minghao+19
~50 kilonovae Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae Villar+ 2018
~ 50k Tidal Disruption Events Brickman+ 2020
> 10 Interstellar Objects (aliens?)
~1000 SN / night
LSST
Rubin will see ~1000 SN every night!
Credit: Alex Gagliano University of Illinois, IAIFI fellow 2023
LSST has profoundly changed the TDA infrastructure
Discovery Engine
10M alerts/night
Community Brokers
target observation managers
BABAMUL
highest participation of any astronomical Kaggle challenges
Deep Drilling Fields
Deep Drilling Fields
Wide Fast Deep
Willow Fox Fortino
UDel grad student
When they go high, we go low
Classification power vs spectral resolution for SNe subtypes
Neural Network
classifier architectures:
- transformers
- CNNs
Pies in the LSST sky
We study rare and unusual transients with machine learning and probabilistic inference
Li et al. 2022
AILE: the first AI-based platform for the detection and study of Light Echoes
NSF Award #2108841
Pessimal AI problem:
Xiaolong Li
LSSTC Catalyst Fellow 2023
UDelaware->John Hopkins
AILE: the first AI-based platform for the detection and study of Light Echoes
YOLO3 + "attention" mechanism
precision 80% at 70% recall with a training set of 19 light echo examples!
Xiaolong Li
LSSTC Catalyst Fellow 2023
UDelaware->John Hopkins
cepheid
The minutes-second-subsecond Universe
The rotation, pulsation, and local accretion dynamics of these compact stellar remnants tends to occur on timescales ranging from seconds to milliseconds. Their extreme densities also makes them an excellent testing ground for nuclear, quantum, and gravitational physics.
Thomas and Kahn, 2018
LSST Cadence
Atmosphere-aided studies
Davenport et al. 2014
~2h
Star flares are rapid events (<30 min)
What can we learn from 1 data point?
Riley Clarke
UDel grad student
Star flares are rapid events (<30 min)
What can we learn from 1 data point?
Atmosphere-aided studies
Riley Clarke
Atmosphere-aided studies
dM energy
dDCR color temperature
Riley Clarke, Davenport, Gizis, Bianco, in prep
Riley Clarke
Riley Clarke
Atmosphere-aided studies
probability of measuring dDCR
Riley Clarke, Davenport, Gizis, Bianco, in prep
2018 Cadence White Paper
Time ->
Language models for time-resolved image processing
Shar Daniels
UDel 1st year
ZTF time-resolved continuous readout images (w Igor Andreoni and Ashish Mahabal)
Transformer architecture
NN for language processing
Will we discover new physics?
A comparative assessment of LSST potential surveys in the discovery of unknown unknowns
Xiaolong Li
LSST survey strategy optimization
distributions of time gaps
in 76 LSST simulations (2018)
Li et al. 2021
Rubin Focus Issue of ApJS on Rubin Survey Strategy Optimization
Bianco et al. 2021
Because the Rubin LSST data is open to all US scientists and to a broader yet community worldwide, to truly make it a survey of and for and of the people, Rubin Observatory called the community to design its survey -
this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
single document
9 chapters
25 science cases
14
46 papers
467 unique authors
16
39 notes
218 unique authors
173
date
response
available simulations
(OpSim)
2015-17
2018
2021
2015-17
The call for cadence white papers generated an unprecedentedly collaborative process that lead to 46 white papers in 2018
Currently 12 have been turned into peer review work
23
23.7
24.7
24.3
25
26.9
28.1
5σ depth
5σ depth
coadd 5σ depth
coadd 5σ depth
(current baseline)
g band
r band
source http://astro-lsst-01.astro.washington.edu:8080/?runId=2
27.1
23.3
0.576
0.52
intranight gap
hours
15
internight gap
days
15
3
median internight gap
days
50
5
median internight gap
days
any filter
r band
26.9
28.1
coadd 5σ depth
(current baseline)
source http://astro-lsst-01.astro.washington.edu:8080/?runId=2
26.8
29.05
28.6
26.8
(current baseline)
26.8
29.05
28.6
26.8
Lochner et al 2018
Research Inclusion: sonification of LSST lightcurves
Rubin Rhapsodies
8 teams
>1500 members
>2000 affiliations
5 continents
Active Galactic Nuclei SC
Dark Energy SC
Informatics and Statistics SC
Galaxies SC
Strong Lensing SC
Stars Milky Way Local Volume SC
Solar System SC
Transients and Variable Stars SC
Dark Sector Cosmology
Dark Sector Cosmology
Milky Way
Dark Sector Cosmology
Milky Way
Solar System
Dark Sector Cosmology
Milky Way
Solar System
TDA
Dark Sector Cosmology
Milky Way
Solar System
TDA
brought to you by AI
brought to you by AI
thank you!
University of Delaware
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Biden School of Public Policy and Administration
Data Science Institute
federica bianco
fbianco@udel.edu
MMA and LEOsats
Iridium satellite number 35 lit up the predawn sky west of Boston at 5 a.m. EST on February 1, 1998, Sky & Telescope
Satellite flares
can be mitigated:
- orientation of satellite,
- directing flares away from observer
- knowing coordinates to associate them to alerts
if not mitigate there would be bogus alerts and images ruined by saturating flares
Science Collaborations
By federica bianco