Quantum Computing Workshop
with Qiskit
These slides at qisk.it/blocks
Please note
IBM’s statements regarding its plans, directions, and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice and at IBM’s sole discretion.
Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchasing decision.
The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract.
The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described for our products remains at our sole discretion.
Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon many factors, including considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user’s job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve results similar to those stated here.
Think 2020 / DOC ID / © 2020 IBM Corporation
About presenter James Weaver
IBM Quantum Developer Advocate
Java Champion
Developer / Author / Speaker
james.weaver@ibm.com
Concepts we'll address today
- Introduction to quantum computing
- Quantum mechanics lab using polarized light filters
- Axioms of quantum mechanics (with cats)
- Some quantum party tricks with QiskitBlocks
- Using an IBM quantum computer
발표 요약
- 왜 양자 컴퓨팅인가?
- Grumpy Cat과 함께하는 양자 역학
- QiskitBlocks와 함께 즐기기
- IBM 양자 컴퓨터 사용
- 질문있으세요?
History repeating itself
Massive hardware, limited bits, software infancy
Quantum computers make direct use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition, interference and entanglement, to perform operations on data.
IBM Announces Q System One at CES 2019
Feasible on classical computers
Feasible on quantum computers
Solutions to problems
Why use a quantum computer?
Some problems may be solved exponentially faster
“Nature isn't classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you'd better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly it's a wonderful problem, because it doesn't look so easy.”
Simulating nature
complex chemical reactions, for example
Dr. Richard Feynman, 1981
53
53
“If you start factoring 10-digit numbers then it’s going to start getting scary”
Breaking RSA crypto
someday maybe, using Shor's algorithm, formulated in 1994
Dr. Peter Shor, 2013
“Programming a quantum computer is particularly interesting since there are multiple things happening in the same hardware simultaneously. One needs to think like both a theoretical physicist and a computer scientist.”
Quickly searching unsorted data
using Grover's algorithm
Dr. Lov Grover, 2002
Some domains in which quantum computing seems to be a great fit
Machine Learning
Optimization
Chemistry
Finance
Qiskit optimization example: MaxCut
Separate nodes in a graph, maximizing weights between them
Qiskit finance example: Portfolio optimization
Suggest assets to buy based upon co-variances and appetite for risk
Concepts we'll address today
- Introduction to quantum computing
- Quantum mechanics lab using polarized light filters
- Axioms of quantum mechanics (with cats)
- Some quantum party tricks with QiskitBlocks
- Using an IBM quantum computer
Quantum mechanics experiment introduction (from 0:00 - 1:16)
Observing quantum mechanical phenomena with polarized light filters
100% of photons pass
0% of photons pass
25% of photons pass
Explanation of experiment results (from 14:25 - 16:55 )
Workshop handout on Quantum Polarization by Brian Ingmanson @Bingmanson
Probabilities of a photon passing through a filter
Concepts we'll address today
- Introduction to quantum computing
- Quantum mechanics lab using polarized light filters
- Axioms of quantum mechanics (with cats)
- Some quantum party tricks with QiskitBlocks
- Using an IBM quantum computer
발표 요약
- 왜 양자 컴퓨팅인가?
- Grumpy Cat과 함께하는 양자 역학
- QiskitBlocks와 함께 즐기기
- IBM 양자 컴퓨터 사용
- 질문있으세요?
Axioms of Quantum Mechanics
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
featuring grumpy cat (or is it grumpy ket)?
My microscopic cat is often grumpy
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
sometimes he is actually happy
but I've never observed him in-between those states
Axiom 1: Superposition principle
my cat can be in any combination of grumpy and happy
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
=
\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
=
\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{bmatrix}
=
\begin{bmatrix}
\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}} \\
\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}
\end{bmatrix}
\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
+
\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
Representing quantum states
geometrically, ket notation, and vectors
\vert\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
Axiom 2: Unitary evolution
gates modeled as matrices
X
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & 1 \\
1 & 0
\end{bmatrix}
\cdot
\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}
=
\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{bmatrix}
NOT gate (Pauli/X, bit-flip)
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
Hadamard gate
great for putting cats in equal superpositions
H
\begin{bmatrix}
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\end{bmatrix}
\cdot
\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}
=
\begin{bmatrix}
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\end{bmatrix}
Hadamard gate
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
+
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
+
\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
Axiom 3: Measurement
probability is amplitude squared
When observed there is a:
\frac{1}{3}
\frac{2}{3}
probability of being grumpy
probability of being happy
Multiple cats
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
=
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
=
\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}
\otimes
\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}
Composite quantum states
=
\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0 \\
0 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}
Multiple cats
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
=
=
\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1 \\
0 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}
=
\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}
\otimes
\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{bmatrix}
Composite quantum states
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
+
Superpositions, evolution & measurement
putting the three axioms together
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
+
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\sqrt{\frac{1}{6}}
+
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
quantum gates
quantum gates
measure
\downarrow
\downarrow
\downarrow
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
with 1/2 probability
with 1/6 probability
with 1/3 probability
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
Quantum entanglement
spooky actions at a distance
H
Hadamard gate
\vert\space\space\space\rangle
CNOT gate
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
+
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
+
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\vert\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\rangle
\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}
Mars - ESA
Alice Cat
Bob Cat
Venus - NASA
\vert\space\space\rangle
=
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\end{bmatrix}
Concepts we'll address today
- Introduction to quantum computing
- Quantum mechanics lab using polarized light filters
- Axioms of quantum mechanics (with cats)
- Some quantum party tricks with QiskitBlocks
- Using an IBM quantum computer
발표 요약
- 왜 양자 컴퓨팅인가?
- Grumpy Cat과 함께하는 양자 역학
- QiskitBlocks와 함께 즐기기
- IBM 양자 컴퓨터 사용
- 질문있으세요?
Qiskit workshops for middle and high school students
Installing and running the QiskitBlocks game
Instructions at qisk.it/blocks
Getting around a QiskitBlocks world
Right-click sign labeled [?] for first instructions
| Control | Action |
|---|---|
| Esc | Pause & show menu |
| WASD | Forward/left/back/right |
| Spacebar | Jump/fly |
| Shift | Descend/sneak |
| J | Enable Fast mode |
| K | Enable Fly mode |
| Mouse | Turn/look |
| Left-click | Dig/punch/remove |
| Right-click | Place/use/open |
| Mouse wheel | Select item in hotbar |
Game controls (signs more specific)
Solve circuit puzzles in the escape rooms
To escape: Read texts from Prof Q, get blocks from chest, place them correctly on circuits
Gain an intuitive understanding of the Bloch sphere and gate rotations with this web-based application known as Grok the Bloch Sphere
Bloch sphere playground
Quantum party trick:
Make "loaded" eight-sided dice
Quantum party trick:
Search for needles in a haystack
Quantum logic: AND gate using Toffoli
Implementing digital logic
Logic in superposition
Quantum phase logic: AND gate with controlled-Z
Implementing digital logic, shifting phase
In superposition, marking those satisfied
Converting phase to magnitude for measurement
Amplitude amplification (from Grover's search algorithm)
Concepts we'll address today
- Introduction to quantum computing
- Quantum mechanics lab using polarized light filters
- Axioms of quantum mechanics (with cats)
- Some quantum party tricks with QiskitBlocks
- Using an IBM quantum computer
발표 요약
- 왜 양자 컴퓨팅인가?
- Grumpy Cat과 함께하는 양자 역학
- QiskitBlocks와 함께 즐기기
- IBM 양자 컴퓨터 사용
- 질문있으세요?
Qiskit open source quantum computing framework
Developing quantum apps
Using IBM Quantum in the cloud
Signing in to IBM Quantum
Run circuits in the IBM Quantum Composer
Quantum parallelism
what is it, really?
IBM Quantum Lab notebooks
Sample output:
{'00': 496, '11': 528}
Expresses circuit:
Minimal Qiskit example
Example algorithm: Grover search for boolean satisfiability
Throwing a party while avoiding the drama
What are amicable combinations of people to invite?
- Alice ❤️ Bob are in a relationship
- Carol ❤️ David are as well
- Alice 😡 David aren't speaking
((A and B) or (C and D)) and not (A and D)
A
B
C
D
Qiskit Circuit Library demo
Qiskit open-source quantum computing textbook
발표 요약
- 왜 양자 컴퓨팅인가?
- Grumpy Cat과 함께하는 양자 역학
- QiskitBlocks와 함께 즐기기
- IBM 양자 컴퓨터 사용
- 질문있으세요?
Quantum Computing Workshop
with Qiskit
These slides at qisk.it/blocks
Boolean satisfiability problem (a OR b) AND c
Mixing amplitude and phase logic, amplifying results with ideas from Dr. Grover
Double-slit experiment
constructive and destructive interference
Text
Choreographing interference
to increase the chance of getting the right answer
Text
Excerpts from “THE TALK” by Scott Aaronson and Zach Weinersmith
Amplitude amplification visualized
Quantum party trick:
Teleport a quantum state
Put your paddle into a quantum state that collapses when the ball is near
Developed at a Qiskit Camp Hackathon by Junye Huang, Anastasia Jeffery, Jarrod Reilly, and James Weaver
Example app: Quantum Pong (uses Qiskit and Pygame libraries)
Measuring quantum state
Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy analogy
Deep Thought after 7.5 million years of calculation
Quantum Volume and Quantum Advantage
The Quantum Volume is the largest computational space a quantum computing device can explore. This discrete quantity scales exponentially with the number of qubits. A system that successfully searches a four-qubit space has Quantum Volume 2^4= 16.
Example Aqua algorithm: Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE)
Solves combinatorial optimization problems such as Traveling Salesman (TSP)
Now it's your turn to play! Try out the self-paced workshop including guided exercises and Qiskit tutorial notebooks at learnqiskit.org
Hands-on Qiskit workshop
Testing Bell's theorem:
No physical theory of local hidden variables can ever reproduce all of the predictions of quantum mechanics
Making Grumpy Cat happy with an X gate
After measurement
Before measurement
Making Grumpy Cat happy about half the time
After measurement
Before measurement
Entangling Alice Cat and Bob Cat
After measurement
Before measurement
Notices and disclaimers
© 2018 International Business Machines Corporation. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without written permission from IBM.
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Think 2019 / DOC ID / February 14, 2019 / © 2019 IBM Corporation
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Notices and disclaimers continued
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Think 2019 / DOC ID / February 14, 2019 / © 2019 IBM Corporation
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Quantum Computing Workshop with Qiskit
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