Web Scrapping, Crawler and PHP

Slide link

Outline

  • Joke about web crawler and scrapping

  • My small story about learning web crawler

  • What’s web crawler, bot and scrapping?

  • Develop your first web crawler!

  • Advanced/Useful crawling skills for everyone

  • A funny story about crawling

  • Sharing

    • How to figure out your side project via crawling?

    • How to integrate existed project for your crawler?

About me

  • Peter

  • GitHub

  • Active open source contributor

  • An associate engineer

  • 3+ years for PHP development

  • PHP 5.3 → PHP 7+

  • No framework→Slim→Laravel

  • Working for ITRI currently

  • Smart Grid technology

Joke about web crawler and scrapping

Joke

Thinking?

Back to 2014

My small story about learning web crawler

My small story about learning web crawler

My small story about learning web crawler

Michael Schrenk

My first web crawler

Screen Scraper Tricks Extracting Data from Difficult Websites

iMarcos

iMarcos

#01 '##################################################
#02 ' Set maximum web page time out
#03 SET !TIMEOUT 240
#04 ' Tell iMacros to ignore error messages
#05 SET !ERRORIGNORE YES
#06 ' Clear ALL cookies
#07 CLEAR
#08 ' Initialize Browser tab 1, close all other tabs
#09 TAB T=1
#10 TAB CLOSEALLOTHERS
#11 ' Tell iMacros to ignore images (nice if using Tor)
#12 FILTER TYPE=IMAGES STATUS=ON
#13 ' Tell iMacros to ignore extract messages
#14 SET !EXTRACT_TEST_POPUP NO
#15 '##################################################

Back to 2015

First hackathon in 2015

First hackathon in 2015

Back nowadays!

Fundamentals

  • Web Bot

  • Web Crawler

  • Web Scarping

Develop your first web crawler!

We have...

We have...

  • Linux(Especially Ubuntu 16.04+)

  • Google Chrome

  • PHP 7.2+

    • cURL extension

  • Composer

Installation

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

php ~/composer.phar require guzzlehttp/guzzle:^6.2 -n
php ~/composer.phar require symfony/dom-crawler:^4.3 -n
php ~/composer.phar require symfony/css-selector:^4.3 -n

# php ~/composer.phar require fabpot/goutte:^4.0 -n

Installation with Docker

docker pull peter279k/crawler-lab-coscup:latest

Basic Case Study One

Inspection

HTTP Inspection

HTTP Inspection

HTTP Inspection

HTTP Inspection

{
   "content":"\n\n\t<div class=\"row listBS\">\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"d-item d-title col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"mbox\">\n\t<div class=\"d-txt\">\n      <div class=\"mtitle\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/aa.nttu.edu.tw\/p\/404-1002-99926-1.php\">\n\t\t\t\t\u3010\u6559\u52d9\u8655\u8ab2\u52d9\u7d44\u3011109\u5b78\u5e74\u5ea6\u7b2c1\u5b78\u671f(\u9032\u4fee\u5b78\u5236)\u9078\u8ab2\u4f5c\u696d\u6642\u7a0b(\u7db2\u8def\u52a0\u9000\u9078\u8ab2\u6642\u9593:109\u5e749\u670814\u65e5(\u4e00)08:00~9\u670818\u65e5(\u4e94)24:00)\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"subsitename newline\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"row listBS\">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"d-item d-title col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"mbox\">\n\t<div class=\"d-txt\">\n      <div class=\"mtitle\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/wdsa.nttu.edu.tw\/p\/404-1009-99907-1.php\">\n\t\t\t\t\u3010\u5b78\u52d9\u8655\u6821\u5b89\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3011\u8f49\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u8acb\u5404\u7d1a\u5b78\u6821109\u5e74\u6691\u5047\u671f\u9593\u5b78\u751f\u6d3b\u52d5\u5b89\u5168\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"subsitename newline\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"row listBS\">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"d-item d-title col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"mbox\">\n\t<div class=\"d-txt\">\n      <div class=\"mtitle\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/aa.nttu.edu.tw\/p\/404-1002-99911-1.php\">\n\t\t\t\t\u3010\u6559\u52d9\u8655\u3011109\u5b78\u5e74\u5ea6\u7b2c1\u5b78\u671f\u6559\u5e2b\u6559\u5b78\u5927\u7db1\u4e0a\u50b3\u53ca\u554f\u5377\u985e\u578b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u901a\u77e5-\u81f3(109\/8\/14\u622a\u6b62)\uff0c\u8acb\u5404\u4f4d\u5e2b\u9577\u7559\u610f\uff01\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"subsitename newline\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n",
   "stat":"over"
}

HTTP Inspection

Organize thoughts

<?php

require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use Symfony\Component\DomCrawler\Crawler;

$latestNews = 'https://www.nttu.edu.tw/app/index.php?Action=mobileassocgmolist';
$client = new Client();
$formParams =  [
    'form_params' => [
        'Cg' => '1009',
        'IsTop' => '0',
        'Op' => 'getpartlist',
        'Page' => '1',
    ],
];

$response = $client->request('POST', $latestNews, $formParams);

$latestNewsString = (string)$response->getBody();

var_dump($latestNewsString);

Organize thoughts

<?php

require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use Symfony\Component\DomCrawler\Crawler;

//......

$latestNewsString = json_decode($latestNewsString, true);

$crawler = new Crawler($content);

$crawler
    ->filter('a')
    ->reduce(function (Crawler $node, $i) {
        global $titles;
        global $links;
        $titles[] = $node->text();
        $links[] = $node->attr('href');
    });

var_dump($links);
var_dump($titles);

Organize thoughts

array(4) {
  [0]=>
  string(45) "https://aa.nttu.edu.tw/p/404-1002-90907-1.php"
  [1]=>
  string(48) "https://enews.nttu.edu.tw/p/404-1045-90881-1.php"
  [2]=>
  string(48) "https://enews.nttu.edu.tw/p/404-1045-90876-1.php"
  [3]=>
  string(45) "https://aa.nttu.edu.tw/p/404-1002-90906-1.php"
}
array(4) {
  [0]=>
  string(93) "
				【教務處】大一新生「運動、美術、音樂」績優獎學金申請公告
			"
  [1]=>
  string(55) "
				【秘書室】東大簡訊-13號刊(20190903)
			"
  [2]=>
  string(75) "
				【秘書室】恭賀!音樂學系何育真老師榮升副教授
			"
  [3]=>
  string(74) "
				【教務處】核發108-1舊生續領設籍臺東獎學金公告
			"
}

DOM Tree

Basic Case Study Two

PM

I need to get these data sets

Intern

I cannot find these data sets

Element Inspection

Element Inspection

Target Data Fetching

Advanced/Useful crawling skills for everyone

ASP.NET

Subject System

Subject System

Invalid User Agent

 <div>
<span id="lblMsg">The error message:</span><br />
<textarea name="txtMsg" rows="2" cols="20" id="txtMsg" class="input">
此頁面正在執行非同步回傳,
但 ScriptManager.SupportsPartialRendering 屬性卻是設定為 false。
請於非同步回傳時將此屬性設定為 true。</textarea><br />
<span id="lblStackTrace">The error stack trace:</span><br />
<textarea name="txtStackTrace" rows="2" cols="20" id="txtStackTrace" class="input">
   於 System.Web.UI.ScriptManager.OnPageInitComplete(Object sender, EventArgs e)
   於 System.Web.UI.Page.OnInitComplete(EventArgs e)
   於 System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)</textarea>

User-Agent

Subject System Crawling

<?php

require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use Symfony\Component\DomCrawler\Crawler;

$publicCourses = 'https://infosys.nttu.edu.tw/n_CourseBase_Select/CourseListPublic.aspx';

$headers = [
    'Host' => 'infosys.nttu.edu.tw',
    'Connection' => 'keep-alive',
    'Cache-Control' => 'max-age=0',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests' => '1',
    'Sec-Fetch-Mode' => 'navigate',
    'Sec-Fetch-User' => '?1',
    'Accept' => 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8 application/signed-exchange;v=b3',
    'Sec-Fetch-Site' => 'none',
    'Referer' => 'https://infosys.nttu.edu.tw/',
    'Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'Accept-Language' => 'zh-TW,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7',
    'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.13) Gecko/20080311 Firefox/2.0.0.13',
];

$client = new Client(['cookies' => true]);
$response = $client->request('GET', $publicCourses, [
    'debug' => true,
    'headers' => $headers,
]);

Subject System Crawling

......
$publicCourseString = (string)$response->getBody();
$viewState = '__VIEWSTATE';
$eventValidation = '__EVENTVALIDATION';
$viewStateGenerator = '5D156DDA';

$crawler = new Crawler($publicCourseString);

$crawler
   ->filter('input[type="hidden"]')
   ->reduce(function (Crawler $node, $i) {
       global $viewState;
       global $eventValidation;
       if ($node->attr('name') === $viewState) {
           $viewState = $node->attr('value');
       }
       if ($node->attr('name') === $eventValidation) {
           $eventValidation = $node->attr('value');
       }
   });

Subject System Crawling

......

$formParams = [
    'form_params' => [
        'ToolkitScriptManager1' => 'UpdatePanel1|Button3',
        'ToolkitScriptManager1_HiddenField' => '',
        '__EVENTTARGET' => '',
        '__EVENTARGUMENT' => '',
        '__LASTFOCUS' => '',
        '__VIEWSTATE' => $viewState,
       '__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR' => $viewStateGenerator,
        '__SCROLLPOSITIONX' => '0',
        '__SCROLLPOSITIONY' => '0',
        '__VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED' => '',
        '__EVENTVALIDATION' => $eventValidation,
        'DropDownList1' => '1071',
        'DropDownList6' => '1',
        'DropDownList2' => '%',
        'DropDownList3' => '%',
        'DropDownList4' => '%',
        'TextBox9' => '',
        'DropDownList5' => '%',
        'DropDownList7' => '%',
        'TextBox1' => '',
        'DropDownList8' => '%',
        'TextBox6' => '0',
        'TextBox7' => '14',
        '__ASYNCPOST' => 'true',
        'Button3' => '查詢',
    ],

Invalid Order Form Params

ue="/wEdAAbxmE99JhLisIrrBlSpleKvA3sa9CLAiY0NRgwF9EJQGh6kvJC1EopKW4ZDfj9Gj7oGHrYxvYrs5XDlrjyz+wVULvWz/wJ+1kADwg6S0w9SXo/Fg06KOWoBIRHuyh28DoVPLgf8rKyi7Ffc8EgW/ntaNx+wYA==" />
</div>
    <div>
        <span id="lblMsg">The error message:</span><br />
        <textarea name="txtMsg" rows="2" cols="20" id="txtMsg" class="input">
無效的 Viewstate。
	Client IP: 61.230.251.119
	Port: 38320
	Referer: 
	Path: /n_CourseBase_Select/CourseListPublic.aspx
	User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36

Subject System Crawling

......


    'headers' => [
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors',
        'Origin: https://infosys.nttu.edu.tw',
        'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br',
        'Accept-Language: zh-TW,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7',
        'X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest',
        'Connection: keep-alive',
        'X-MicrosoftAjax: Delta=true',
        'Accept: */*',
        'Cache-Control: no-cache',
        'Referer: https://infosys.nttu.edu.tw/n_CourseBase_Select/CourseListPublic.aspx',
        'Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin',
        'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
    ],
];

$response = $client->request('POST', $publicCourses, $formParams);

$coursesString = (string)$response->getBody();

var_dump($coursesString);

JavaScript

Web Page loading

  • Open Web browser and type URL

  • Web page loading

  • DOM Ready

  • DOMContentLoaded

  • Loading Assets (JS, CSS)

  • Execute JS

  • Page Ready

Web Page loading for Web Driver/Engine

Unmaintained

Headless Chrome

google-chrome-stable --headless --dump-dom "https://google.com"

# Install Command Wrapper for Headless Chrome
php ~/composer.phar require chrome-php/chrome:^0.8 -n

Case Study

A Podcast Site

A Podcast Site

A Podcast Site

Fetch Single Episode From Site

Fetch Single Episode From Site

sample.php

<?php

require_once './vendor/autoload.php';

use HeadlessChromium\BrowserFactory;

$url = 'https://baabao.com/single-episode/2792254?to=1596211873940&s=8TBkr';
$jsCode = "JSON.parse(JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('localforage/listen_history/lastListenEpisode')))";
$browserFactory = new BrowserFactory('google-chrome-stable');

// starts headless chrome
$browser = $browserFactory->createBrowser();

// creates a new page and navigate to an url
$page = $browser->createPage();
$page->navigate($url)->waitForNavigation();

// get JSON with single episode info
$episodeInfo = $page->evaluate($jsCode)->getReturnValue();

var_dump($episodeInfo);

// bye
$browser->close();

sample.php result

/data/badoo-episode/sample.php:20:
array(26) {
  'image' =>
  string(95) "https://baabao-programs-images.s3.amazonaws.com/efee0e645c6c49bc87ef7972211be7c5--1_400_400.jpg"
  'episode_data_url' =>
  string(168) "https://d3hl6newtgi50f.cloudfront.net/0dd31152b9db415bbae239bcba2b61ba--1125+%E5%AF%B6%E8%B2%9D%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%BE%E5%93%A1+%E7%AC%AC40%E9%9B%86+45%E5%88%86%E9%90%98.mp3"
  'emojis' =>
  array(1) {
    [0] =>
    array(2) {
      'description' =>
      string(12) "給個鼓勵"
      'count' =>
      int(0)
    }
  }
  'subscribed' =>
......

Anti-Crawler

Anti-Bot

Like A Human Reading

  • Sleep

  • Waiting

A funny story about crawling

Are you afraid of Captcha?

Don't be afraid firstly!

Captcha

Captcha

Captcha

OCR

Tesseract

Install Tesseract

  • Ubuntu 16.04

    • sudo apt-get install libtesseract3

    • sudo apt-get install tesseract-ocr

  • Ubuntu 18.04

    • sudo apt-get install libtesseract4

    • sudo apt-get install tesseract-ocr

Organize Thoughts

Organize Thoughts

<?php

require_once './vendor/autoload.php';

use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use Symfony\Component\DomCrawler\Crawler;

$loginUrl = 'https://www.leezen.com.tw/login.php';
$captchaUrl = 'https://www.leezen.com.tw/captcha/code.php';

$client = new Client(['cookies' => true]);
$response = $client->request('GET', $loginUrl);
$loginPageResponse = (string)$response->getBody();

$codeResponse = $client->request('GET', $captchaUrl);

Organize Thoughts

// ......
file_put_contents('./code.png', (string)$codeResponse->getBody());

exec('tesseract ./code.png code');

$code = file_get_contents('./code.txt');
preg_match('/(\d+)/', $code, $matched);
$code = $matched[0];

$crawler = new Crawler($loginPageResponse);
$token = '';
$crawler
   ->filter('input[type="hidden"]')
   ->reduce(function (Crawler $node, $i) {
       global $token;
       if ($node->attr('name') === 'token') {
           $token = $node->attr('value');
       }
   });

Organize Thoughts

// ......
$formParams = [
    'form_params' => [
        'member' => 'email_or_phone_number',
        'member_m' => 'email_or_phone_number',
        'member_password' => 'password',
        'Mode' => 'login',
        'token' => $token,
        'Turing2' => $code,
        'login' => '登入',
    ],
];

// Do Login Action!
$postLoginUrl = 'https://www.leezen.com.tw/member_process.php';
$response = $client->request('POST', $postLoginUrl, $formParams);

$loginResponseString = (string)$response->getBody();

var_dump($loginResponseString);

Organize Thoughts

alert("登入成功,歡迎您回到天天里仁!");window.location.replace("index.php")

Command Wrapper Tesseract in PHP

More funny captchas

Sharing

  • How to figure out your side project via crawling?

    • News Bot
    • Automated Task
  • How to integrate existed project for your crawler?

    • Cron job
    • Automated job
    • Logging for crawler

Summary

Any questions?

Web Scrapping, Crawler and PHP

By peter279k

Web Scrapping, Crawler and PHP

COSCUP 2020

  • 1,421