Animating SVG with CSS and SMIL

Fronteers, Amsterdam, October 10th, 2014

sarasoueidan.com / @SaraSoueidan

Hello!

Freelance front-end web developer and writer.

 

Author & team member @ Codrops

 

 

Animating SVGs

  • Using CSS

  • Using SVG Animations (SMIL)

  • Using Javascript*

*We won't be covering JS in this talk

CSS'ing SVGs

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="300px" height="300px" viewBox="0 0 300 300">

  <polygon

    fill = "#FF931E"

    stroke = "#ED1C24"

    stroke-width = "5"

    points = "279.1,160.8 195.2,193.3 174.4,280.8   117.6,211.1 27.9,218.3 76.7,142.7 42.1,59.6 129.1,82.7 197.4,24.1 202.3,114 "/>

</svg>

Before CSS: SVG Presentation Attributes

star.svg

Shared with CSS

SVG-Only

font, font-family, font-size, font-size-adjust, font-stretch, font-style, font-variant, font-weight, direction, letter-spacing, text-decoration, unincode-bidi, word-spacing, visibility, text-rendering, writing-mode, clip-path, mask-opacity, filter, pointer-events, image-rendering, clip, color, cursor, display, overflow 

 clip-rule, flood-color, flood-opacity, stop-opacity, kerning, tech-anchor, color-profile, color-rendering, fill, fill-opacity, fill-rule, marker, marker-end, marker-mid, marker-start, stroke, stroke-width, stop-color, lighting-color, enable-background, dominant-baseline, color-interpolation-filters, color-interpolation, glyph-orientation-horizontal, glyph-orientation-vertical, shape-rendering, baseline-shift, alignment-baseline, stroke-miterlimit, stroke-linejoin, stroke-linecap, stroke-dashoffset, stroke-dasharray, stroke-opacity

In SVG2, more presentation attributes will be added.

Full List

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" viewBox="0 0 300 300">

  <polygon

    style="fill: #FF931E; stroke: #ED1C24; stroke-width: 5;"

    points = "279.1,160.8 195.2,193.3 174.4,280.8   117.6,211.1 27.9,218.3 76.7,142.7 42.1,59.6 129.1,82.7 197.4,24.1 202.3,114 "/>

</svg>

Inline Styles (style="...")

star.svg

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="300px" height="300px" viewBox="0 0 300 300">

    <style type="text/css">

        polygon { fill: ... ;}

    </style>

    <polygon points = "279.1,160.8 195.2,193.3 174.4,280.8   117.6,211.1 27.9,218.3 76.7,142.7 42.1,59.6 129.1,82.7 197.4,24.1 202.3,114 "/>

</svg>

Embedded Styles (<style>) Inside SVG

star.svg

<!DOCTYPE html> <html><head>...</head>
    <body>

        <style type="text/css">

                       svg { width: ...; }

                       polygon { fill: ... ; }

        </style>

        <svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">

            <!--SVG content-->

        </svg>

    </body>

</html>

Embedded Styles (<style>) Outside SVG

star.svg

External Style Sheets

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="styles.css"?>

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="300px" height="300px" viewBox="0 0 300 300">

    <!-- SVG Content -->

</svg>

star.svg

Animating SVGs with CSS

Using CSS Transitions

Example: Iconic

http://tutsplus.github.io/Styling-Iconic/styling/index.html

Using CSS Animations & Transforms

transform-origin: SVG vs HTML

transform-origin (default value)
HTML Elements (div, ::before, etc.)
SVG Elements (circle, rect, etc.)

50% 50%

(the center of the element itself, calculated relative to its box model)

0 0

(top left corner of the SVG canvas, not of the element itself)

transform-origin: SVG vs HTML

Example: 45deg Rotation

<!DOCTYPE html>

<div style="width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: orange"> </div>

<svg style="width: 150px; height: 150px; background-color: #eee">

        <rect width="100" height="100" x="25" y="25" fill="orange" />

</svg>

Setting transform-origin in SVG using CSS

  1. Using percentage values: The value is set relative to the element's bounding box, which includes the stroke used to draw its border.
  2. Using absolute values: The origin is set relative to the SVG canvas.

Setting transform-origin in SVG using CSS

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<style>

    div, rect { transform-origin: 50% 50%; }

</style>

Setting transform-origin in SVG using CSS

FIREFOX BUG

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=891074

Setting transform-origin in percentages does not work as expected. Use absolute values instead.

Example Animations Demo

http://codepen.io/SaraSoueidan/pen/d0f94390e6c9af38fa562974399b6222?editors=100

.wheel {

        -webkit-transform-origin: 50% 50%;

        transform-origin: 193px 164px;

        animation:  spin 4s cubic-bezier(.49,.05,.32,1.04) infinite alternate;

}

@keyframes spin {

   50% {

      transform: rotate(360deg);

   }

}

3D Transforms

They work!

But...

Bugs!

 

  1. perspective doesn't currently work in Chrome
  2. 3D transforms on SVG elements are (currently) not hardware-accelerated in Chrome. They have the same performance profile as SVG transform attributes.

Animating SVG with CSS: Current Limitations

Example: Motion Along a Path

http://codepen.io/SaraSoueidan/pen/040c446472aa06fe70760fbb52ec2955?editors=100

Motion Along a Path in CSS

http://dev.w3.org/fxtf/motion-1/

Example: Morphing Shapes

http://tympanus.net/codrops/2014/02/06/fullscreen-overlay-effects/

And animating other attributes that simply cannot be set/styled/changed via CSS..

Animating SVG with SMIL

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language

  • Define an XML-based language that allows authors to write interactive multimedia presentations. 
  • Allow reusing of SMIL syntax and semantics in other XML-based languages, in particular those who need to represent timing and synchronization. For example, SMIL components are used for integrating timing into XHTML and into SVG.

What

http://www.w3.org/TR/SMIL/

Why

  • Declarative (Info)
  • Can animate attributes that CSS can't
  • Animations work when SVG is embedded as <img> or as background image in CSS
  • Event handling & animation synchronization capabilities

Current Browser Support

http://caniuse.com/#feat=svg-smil

SMIL animations work in all browsers except IE and Opera Mini

Applying Animations:

SVG/SMIL Animation Elements

<animate>

Used to animate scalar attributes and properties over a period of time.

<animateTransform>

Used to animate one of SVG's transformation attributes over time, such as the transform attribute.

<animateMotion>

Used to animate/move an element along a motion path.

 

<set>

Used to assign animation values to non-numeric attributes and properties (e.g visibility).

Animation Attributes: 

Naming Animations

<animate id="myAnim" 
         attributeName=" " 
         from=" " 
         to=" " 
         ...
/>

id

*You don't need to specify an animation name for the animation to work.

Animation Attributes: Specifying the target of the animation

<animate xlink:href="#myElement"  
         id="myAnim"
         attributeName=" " 
         from=" " 
         to=" " 
         ...
/>

xlink:href

*The target element must be part of the current SVG document fragment.

Nesting the animation element inside the target
<circle cx="50" cy="50" r="20">
    <animate 
         attributeName=" " 
         from=" " 
         to=" " 
         ... />
</circle>

Animation Attributes:

Specifying the target attribute of the animation

<animate xlink:href="#myCircle"   
         id="myAnim" 
         attributeName="cx" 
         from=" " 
         to=" " 
         ...
/>

attributeName

*Only one attribute name can be specified per animation element.

<animate xlink:href="#myCircle" 
         ID="myAnim"  
         attributeName="cx" 
         attributeType="XML" 
         from=" " 
         to=" " 
         ...
/>

attributeType

*The attributeType can be either "XML", "CSS", or "auto".

Animation Attributes:

Simple animation from one value to another, over a duration of time

<animate id="move" link:href="#myCircle" 
         attributeName="cx" attributeType="XML" 
         from="50" 
         to="450" 
         dur="5s"
/>

CSS Equivalent

animation-name: move; 
animation-duration: 5s;

@keyframes move { 
    from {/* ... */} 
    to { /* ... */ }
}

Animation Attributes:

Specifying the end state of the animation

<animate id="move" xlink:href="#myCircle" 
         attributeName="cx" attributeType="XML" 
         from="50" to="450" 
         dur="5s" 
         fill="freeze"
/>

CSS Equivalent

animation-name: move; 
animation-duration: 5s; 
animation-fill-mode: forwards;

@keyframes move { 
    from {/* ... */} 
    to { /* ... */ }
}

Animation Attributes:

Repeating Animations

<animate id="move" xlink:href="#myCircle" 
         attributeName="cx" attributeType="XML" 
         from="50" to="450" 
         dur="3s" fill="freeze" 
         repeatCount="indefinite" 
         repeatDur="00:30"
/>

CSS Equivalent

animation-name: move; 
animation-duration: 5s; 
animation-fill-mode: forwards; 
animation-iteration-count: infinite; 


@keyframes move { 
    from {/* ... */} 
    to { /* ... */ }
}

Animation Attributes:

Controlling animation begin time

<animate xlink:href="#myCircle" 
         attributeName="cx" attributeType="XML"             
         from="50" to="450" 
         dur="1s" 
         fill="freeze" 
         begin="click"
/>

CSS Equivalent

There is none.

Animation Attributes:

Synchronizing Animations

Examples of values

begin
click 
focus 
click + 2s 
click + 01:30 
click + 01:05:33 
1s 
15min 
indefinite (relies on JS) 
otherAnim.begin 
otherAnim.begin + 1s 
otherAnim.end - 1min 
otherAnim.repeat(1) 
otherAnim.repeat(1) + 5s

http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/animate.html#BeginValueListSyntax

<circle id="orange-circle" r="30" cx="50" cy="50" fill="orange" />
<rect id="blue-rectangle" width="50" height="50" x="25" y="200" fill="#0099cc"></rect>
<animate xlink:href="#orange-circle" attributeName="cx" from="50" 

to="450" dur="5s" fill="freeze" begin="click" id="circ-anim"/>
<animate xlink:href="#orange-circle" attributeName="fill" from="orange" 

to="#0099aa" dur="2s" fill="freeze" begin="circ-anim.begin + 5s" 

id="circ-color-anim"/>
<animate xlink:href="#blue-rectangle" attributeName="x" from="50" 

to="425" dur="5s" fill="freeze" begin="circ-anim.begin + 1s" id="rect-anim"/>

Example

Animation Attributes:

Restarting Animations

<animate id="move"
         link:href="#myCircle" 
         attributeName="cx" 
         attributeType="XML"             
         from="50" 
         to="450" 
         dur="1s" 
         fill="freeze" 
         begin="click" 
         restart="whenNotActive"
/>

http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/animate.html#RestartAttribute

CSS Equivalent

There is none.

Animation Attributes:

Controlling animation keyframe values and pacing

http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/animate.html#ValueAttributes

The CSS Animations Way

@keyframes bounce {
    0% {
        top: 0;
        animation-timing-function: ease-in;
    }
    15% {
        top: 200px;
        animation-timing-function: ease-out;
    }
    30% {
        top: 70px;
        animation-timing-function: ease-in;
    }

    /*...other keyframes...*/

    90% {
        top: 170px;
        animation-timing-function: ease-in;
    }
    100% {
        top: 200px;
        animation-timing-function: ease-out;
    }
}
<animate 
    id="bounce"
    xlink:href="#orange-circle"
    attributeName="cy"
    from="50"
    to="250" 
    dur="3s"
    begin="click" 
    fill="freeze"
    values="50; 250; 120;250; 170; 250; 210; 250"

    keyTimes="0; 0.15; 0.3; 0.45; 0.6;     
              0.75; 0.9; 1"

    keySplines=".42 0 1 1;
                 0 0 .59 1;
                 .42 0 1 1;
                 0 0 .59 1;
                 .42 0 1 1;
                 0 0 .59 1;
                 .42 0 1 1;
                 0 0 .59 1;"
    calcMode="spline" 
/>

The SMIL Animations Way

  • calcMode = linear | discrete | paced | spline
  • keyTimes are fractions, not percentages
  • nb. of keyTimes == nb. of values == nb. of keySplines + 1
  • keySplines use control points coordinates, not the bezier function syntax

Notes

keySplines control points: visual representation

Animation Attributes:

Additive and Accumulative Animations

  • Useful for repeating animations
  • Animation starts relative to current value.
  • Animation proceeds building up on the result of the previous iteration.
additive & accumulate
<animate 
    xlink:href="#orange-circle"
    attributeName="cx"
    from="0"
    to="100" 
    additive="sum"
    accumulate="sum"
    repeatCount="3"
    calcMode="spline"
    keyTimes="0;1"
    keySplines=".42 0 1 1"
    dur="1s"
    begin="click"
    fill="freeze" 
/>
<circle id="orange-circle" r="30" cx="50" cy="50" fill="orange" />
additive & accumulate
additive
accumulate

Animation Attributes:

Explicitly specifying an animation's end time

<animate 
    xlink:href="#orange-circle"
    attributeName="cx"
    from="50"
    to="450" 
    dur="1s"
    begin="click"
    fill="freeze" 
    id="move"
/>
<animate 
    xlink:href="#orange-circle"
    attributeName="fill"
    from="#0099CC"
    to="deepPink" 
    dur="5s"
    repeatCount="indefinite"
    begin="0s"
    end="move.begin"
    fill="freeze"
/>

Animation Attributes:

Specifying animation intervals

<animateTransform 
    xlink:href="#deepPink-rectangle"
    attributeName="transform" 
    attributeType="XML"
    type="rotate"
    from="0 75 75"
    to="360 75 75" 
    dur="2s" 
    fill="freeze"
    begin="click; 5s; 9s; 17s;"
    end="2s; 8s; 15s; 25s;" 
/>

Animation Attributes:

Restricting the entire active duration of an animation with `min` and `max`

http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-smil-animation-20010904/#ComputingActiveDur

<animate> animation example

Shape Tweening

Tutorial:  http://codepen.io/noahblon/blog/an-intro-to-svg-animation-with-smil

<path fill="#1EB287">

    <animate 

             attributeName="d" 

             dur="1440ms" 

             repeatCount="indefinite"

             keyTimes="0; .0625; .208333333; .3125; .395833333; .645833333; .833333333; 1;"

             calcMode="spline" 

             keySplines="0,0,1,1; .42,0,.58,1; .42,0,1,1; 0,0,.58,1; .42,0,.58,1; .42,0,.58,1; .42,0,.58,1"

             values="M 0,0 

                     C 50,0 50,0 100,0

                     100,50 100,50 100,100

                     50,100 50,100 0,100

                     0,50 0,50 0,0

                     Z;



                     M 0,0 

                     C 50,0 50,0 100,0

                     100,50 100,50 100,100

                     50,100 50,100 0,100

                     0,50 0,50 0,0

                     Z;



                     M 50,0 

                     C 75,25 75,25 100,50 

                     75,75 75,75 50,100

                     25,75 25,75 0,50

                     25,25 25,25 50,0

                     Z;
                     ... "



    />


  </path>

<animateTransform> animation  example

<animateTransform 
           xlink:href="#deepPink-rectangle"
           attributeName="transform" 
           attributeType="XML"
           type="rotate"
           from="0 75 75"
           to="360 75 75" 
           dur="2s"
           begin="0s"
           repeatCount="indefinite"
           fill="freeze" 
/>

All about SVG transforms: 

http://sarasoueidan.com/blog/svg-transformations/

<set> animation  example

<set 
   xlink:href="#deepPink-rectangle"     
   attributeName="fill"
   to="#0099AA" 
   begin="click" 
   dur="3s" 
/>

Animations along arbitrary paths: 

<animateMotion>

Specifying a motion path

<animateMotion 
           xlink:href="#circle"
           dur="1s"
           begin="click"
           fill="freeze"
           path="M0,0c3.2-3.4,18.4-0.6,23.4-0.6c5.7,0.1,10.8,0.9,16.3,2.3    c13.5,3.5,26.1,9.6,38.5,16.2c12.3,6.5,21.3,16.8,31.9,25.4c10.8,8.7,21,18.3,31.7,26.9c9.3,7.4,20.9,11.5,31.4,16.7
    c13.7,6.8,26.8,9.7,41.8,9c21.4-1,40.8-3.7,61.3-10.4c10.9-3.5,18.9-11.3,28.5-17.8c5.4-3.7,10.4-6.7,14.8-11.5
    c1.9-2.1,3.7-5.5,6.5-6.5"
/>

OR

<animateMotion xlink:href="#circle" dur="1s" begin="click" fill="freeze">
    <mpath xlink:href="#motionPath" />
</animateMotion>

1

2

<path id="motionPath" d="..." />

1

2

Setting the orientation

without changing orientation

<animateMotion 
    xlink:href="#car"
    dur="3s"
    begin="0s"
    fill="freeze"
    repeatCount="indefinite"
    rotate="auto">
   <mpath xlink:href="#motionPath" />
</animateMotion>
<animateMotion 
    xlink:href="#car"
    dur="3s"
    begin="0s"
    fill="freeze"
    repeatCount="indefinite"
    rotate="auto-reverse">
   <mpath xlink:href="#motionPath" />
</animateMotion>

Setting the orientation

flipping the car with transforms

Controlling the animation distance along the motion path 

Animationing <text> along arbitrary paths

Laying text along a path

<path id="myPath" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M91.4,104.2c3.2-3.4,18.4-0.6,23.4-0.6c5.7,0.1,10.8,0.9,16.3,..."/>
<text>
    <textpath xlink:href="#myPath">
      Text laid out along a path.
    </textpath>
</text>

Animating the text offset

<text>
    <textpath xlink:href="#myPath">
      Text laid out along a path.

      <animate attributeName="startOffset" from="0%" to ="100%" begin="0s" dur="5s" repeatCount="indefinite" keyTimes="0;1" calcMode="spline" keySplines="0.1 0.2 .22 1"/>
    </textpath>
</text>

http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/animate.html#AnimationAttributesAndProperties

Animatable elements & attributes:

Embedding SVGs

Embedding Technique

CSS Animations

<img src="mySVG.svg" alt=".." />

CSS Interactions

Yes, only if inside <svg>

No

.el {background: url(mySVG.svg);}

No

Yes, only if inside <svg>

<object type="image/svg+xml" data="mySVG.svg"><!--fallback--></object>

Yes, only if inside <svg>

Yes, only if inside <svg>

<embed type="image/svg+xml" src="mySVG.svg" />

Yes, only if inside <svg>

Yes, only if inside <svg>

<iframe src="mySVG.svg"><!--fallback--></iframe>

Yes, only if inside <svg>

Yes, only if inside <svg>

<svg><!--SVG content--></svg>

Yes

Yes

Embedding Technique

SMIL Animations

<img src="mySVG.svg" alt=".." />

SMIL Interactions

Yes

No

.el {background: url(mySVG.svg);}

No

Yes

<object type="image/svg+xml" data="mySVG.svg"><!--fallback--></object>

Yes

Yes

<embed type="image/svg+xml" src="mySVG.svg" />

Yes

Yes

<iframe src="mySVG.svg"><!--fallback--></iframe>

Yes

Yes

<svg><!--SVG content--></svg>

Yes

Yes

Thank You!

sarasoueidan.com / @SaraSoueidan

Copy of Copy of Animating SVG with CSS and SMIL (FULL VERSION)

By shirlin1028

Made with Slides.com

Copy of Copy of Animating SVG with CSS and SMIL (FULL VERSION)

Fronteers, October 2014, Amsterdam.

  • 194

More from shirlin1028