General Definition

No one globally accepted definition of aggressive behaviour

Consensus seems to exist that aggressive behaviour is meant either to injure another, to gain something for the aggressor, or to result in both injury and extraneous gains.

Source: T.J. Zirpoli — Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall

http://www.education.com/reference/article/aggressive-behavior/

Types of Aggression

Overaroused

Impulsive

Affective

Predatory

Instrumental

Causes

1. Developmental

Family variables, such as harsh parental discipline and poor adult supervision, result in the student being "trained" to engage in aggressive behavior such as hitting

Students find themselves being rejected by their peer group and experiencing academic failure

Stage 1: 

Stage 2: 

Causes

2. Modeled

Students observe aggressive behaviour models when adults engage in verbally abusive or physical punishment of students.

Students when faced with instances that result in feelings of anger, frustration, and/or humiliation react aggressively. 

Causes

3. Media Influence

Students who are exposed to media violence become desensitized to aggressive and violent behaviour. This factor has led to increased levels of violent and aggressive behaviour among youth . (Walker et al., 1995)

Relationship of TV, video games violence to aggressive behaviour in students (Friedrich-Cofer & Huston, 1986; Kronenberger et al., 2005)

Causes

4. Social Skills Deficit

Students act aggressively because they lack alternative skills that would allow them to choose a socially acceptable behavior to deal with a provocative situation in an assertive rather than aggressive manner

(Dubow, Huesmann, & Eron, 1987; Hollinger, 1987; Strain, Guralnick, & Walker, 1986)

Existing Studies - I

Group aggression among school children in three schools

LAGERSPETZ, K. M. J., BJÖRKQVIST, K., BERTS, M. and KING, E. (1982), Group aggression among school children in three schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23: 45–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1982.tb00412.x

• Mobbing”, i.e. school children repeatedly ganging up on

  the same victims, was studied

  among 434 12-16 years old children in three schools in

  Finland
   

• 13.7% of the boys and

  5.4% of the girls were involved in mobbing behaviour.

Existing Studies - I

Group aggression among school children in three schools

LAGERSPETZ, K. M. J., BJÖRKQVIST, K., BERTS, M. and KING, E. (1982), Group aggression among school children in three schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23: 45–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1982.tb00412.x

• The victims had low self-esteem, were subjectively maladjusted, and experienced their peer relations negatively.
   

• The victims were physically weaker than well-adjusted children, and obesity and handicaps were more common among them. 
   

• The bullies were physically strong, and handicaps were also among them more frequent than among well-adjusted children. 

Existing Studies - I

Group aggression among school children in three schools

LAGERSPETZ, K. M. J., BJÖRKQVIST, K., BERTS, M. and KING, E. (1982), Group aggression among school children in three schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23: 45–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1982.tb00412.x

• The bullies held positive attitudes
  towards aggression, experienced 
  their peer relations negatively,
  and held negative attitudes 
  towards teachers and peers. 
   
• They were unpopular among their 
  peers, though not so unpopular 
  as the victims.

Existing Studies - II

Physical and Verbal Aggressive Behaviour Pattern Among School Children in Urban Area of North Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study
 

Fawwad Shaikh , R. G. Viveki , A. B. Halappanavar 1Department of Community Medicine, Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum - 590001 (Karnataka) India. 

• To elucidate the differentials of aggressive behaviour among high school students and to recognize the influence of age and sex on aggressive behaviour. 
   
• One high school in urban area, which included 347 students (199 boys and 148 girls) of classes VII to X. 

Existing Studies - II

Physical and Verbal Aggressive Behaviour Pattern Among School Children in Urban Area of North Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study
 

Fawwad Shaikh , R. G. Viveki , A. B. Halappanavar 1Department of Community Medicine, Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum - 590001 (Karnataka) India. 

• Questionnaire: self-administered, pre-tested, structured indicating the types of aggressive behaviour by students in the previous month; to assess themselves with reference to the statements regarding physical / verbal aggression
   
• 26.2% students experienced aggressive behaviour in the family 

Existing Studies - II

Physical and Verbal Aggressive Behaviour Pattern Among School Children in Urban Area of North Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study
 

Fawwad Shaikh , R. G. Viveki , A. B. Halappanavar 1Department of Community Medicine, Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum - 590001 (Karnataka) India. 

• Role models for aggressive behaviour were parents (42.3%) and TV / Cinema actors (39.0%)
   
• Physical active direct and indirect aggression was significantly more common among boys than among girls.
   
• Physical aggression increased substantially from VII standard (56.9%) to X standard (84.6%).

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