// ASSIGNMENT
int firstNumber = 20;
int secondNumber = 5;

// ADDITION 
int additionResult = firstNumber + secondNumber; // 25

// SUBTRACTION
int subtractionResult = firstNumber - secondNumber; // 15

// MULTIPLICATION
int multiplicationResult = firstNumber * secondNumber; // 100

// DIVISION
int divisionResult = firstNumber / secondNumber; // 4

// REMAINDER
int remainder = 20 % 5; // 0

int result = 0;

// ADDITION 
result += 5; // 5 || same as result = result + 5;

// SUBTRACTION
result -= 2; // 3

// MULTIPLICATION
result *= 10; // 30

// DIVISION
result /= 5; // 6

int johnsAge = 24;
int marysAge = 31;
int petersAge = 31;

// EQUAL TO
johnsAge == marysAge; // false
marysAge == petersAge; // true

// NOT EQUAL TO
johnsAge != marysAge; // true
marysAge != petersAge; // false

// GREATER THAN
johnsAge > marysAge; // false
marysAge > petersAge; // false
johnsAge >= marysAge; // false 
marysAge >= petersAge; // true

// LESS THAN
johnsAge < marysAge; // true
marysAge < petersAge; // false
johnsAge <= marysAge; // true
marysAge <= petersAge; // true

int result = 0;

// ADDITION 
result++; // 1 || same as result = result + 1;

// SUBTRACTION
result--; // 0

// INVERSION
boolean isMorning = true;
System.out.println(!isMorning); // prints false

int mikesAge = 16;
boolean fakeId = false;

// CONDITIONAL-AND
if(mikesAge > 21 && !fakeId){
    System.out.println("Mike can get into the club.");
} 

// CONDITIONAL-OR
if(mikesAge > 21 || fakeId){
    System.out.println("Mike can get into the club.");
} 

int mikesAge = 16;
int basePrice = 20;

// TERNARY OPERATOR TO ASSIGN VALUE
int bribingPrice = mikesAge >= 21 ? basePrice : basePrice * 2;

// TERNARY OPERATOR TO PRINT SOMETHING
System.out.println(mikesAge >= 21 ? "Please, come in!" : "Go away!");

// A TINY EXERCISE:
System.out.println(mikesAge++ >= 17 ? "Please, come in!" : "Go away!"); // What will be printed?

int mikesAge = 16;
int basePrice = 20;

// TERNARY OPERATOR TO ASSIGN VALUE
int bribingPrice = mikesAge >= 21 ? basePrice : basePrice * 2;

// TERNARY OPERATOR TO PRINT SOMETHING
System.out.println(mikesAge >= 21 ? "Please, come in!" : "Go away!");

// The following are all strings in Java:

"To be, or not to be a String, that is the question."
"98423"
"false"
"a"
" "
""

// STRING LITERALS:

String message = "I came here to make one thing clear: I'm a literal legend.";

// USING THE CONSTRUCTOR METHOD:

String message = new String("I'm no Bob, though.");

String name = "Jim Morrison";
String artist = "Jim Morrison";

System.out.println(name == artist); // what's the result?

String name = "Jim Morrison";
String artist = new String("Jim Morrison");

System.out.println(name == artist); // what's the result?

String name = "Jim Morrison";
String artist = "David Bowie";

System.out.println(name == artist); // what's the result?

String name = new String("Jim Morrison");
String artist = new String("Jim Morrison");

System.out.println(name == artist); // what's the result?

String name = "Jim Morrison";
String artist = new String("Jim Morrison");

name == artist; // FALSE; compares references

name.equals(artist); // TRUE; compares the content of the two objects

String character = "Cookie Monster";

int length = character.length();
System.out.println(length); // prints 14

char c = character.charAt(1);
System.out.println(c); // prints 'o'

String result = character.concat("!");
System.out.println(result); // prints "Cookie Monster!" || same as using the '+' operator

boolean containsLetterP = character.contains("p");
System.out.println(containsLetterP); // prints false || contains() method takes on a sequence of characters; it's case sensitive

boolean endsWithR = character.endsWith("r");
boolean startsWithR = character.startsWith("r");
System.out.println(startsWithR); // prints false || startsWith() method takes on a String; it's case sensitive
System.out.println(endsWithR); // prints true || endsWith() method takes on a String; it's case sensitive

String monsterMessage = "Om nom nom nom.";

int index = monsterMessage.indexOf("a"); // -1 || indexOf() method takes on a String, and it's case sensitive; returns -1 if there aren't any matches
int secondIndex = monsterMessage.indexOf("o", 5); // 8 

int lastIndexOf = monsterMessage.lastIndexOf("o"); // 12

String allCapsMessage = monsterMessage.toUpperCase(); // "OM NOM NOM NOM."
String noCapsMessage = monsterMessage.toLowerCase(); // "om nom nom nom."

String result = monsterMessage.replace("o", "a"); // "Om nam nam nam." || replace() method can take either a single character or a character sequence

String result2 = monsterMessage.replaceAll("\\s", ""); // "Omnomnomnom."

String monsterGift = "I'd give you a cookie but I ate it.";

String[] words = monsterGift.split(" "); // [I'd, give, you, a, cookie, but, I, ate, it.]

String[] moreWords = monsterGift.split(" ", 2); // [I'd, give you a cookie but I ate it.]

String substring = monsterGift.substring(23); // "but I ate it."

String anotherSubstring = monsterGift.substring(15, 21); // "cookie" || second index is exclusive

String cookieType = "       chocolate chip     ";
cookieType.trim(); // "chocolate chip"

class DishTester {
  
  public static void main(String[] args){
    testDish("Bob Dylan", "beef wellington"); // should print true
    testDish("Mick Jagger", "mushroom soup"); // should print false
  }
  
  public static void testDish(String musicianName, String dish){
    // write your code here
  }
}

class PasswordGenerator {
  
  public static void main(String[] args){
    generatePassword("Peter Gabriel"); // should print "G@br!el"
    generatePassword("Brian Adams"); // should print "@d@ms"
  }
  
  public static void generatePassword(String musicianName){
    // write your code here
  }
}

class StolenNumber {

    public static void main(String args[]){
        findStolenNumber(new int[]{1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10}); // should print 4
        findStolenNumber(new int[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10}); // should print 9
        findStolenNumber(new int[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}); // should print "no number was stolen"
    }

    public static void findStolenNumber(int[] numbers){
        // write your code here
    }
}

class MusiciansHell {
  
  public static void main(String[] args){
    String[] musicians = {"Steven Tyler", "Erykah Badu", "Mick Jagger", "Paul McCartney", "Brandon Flowers", "Alex Turner"};
    
    String musician = pickMusician(musicians); // should return the musician's name, or "No one will stay to help." 
  }
  
  public static String pickMusician(String[] musicians){
    // write your code here
  }
}