Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Demand Side Management (DSM), optimising renewable generation & Alternative Fuel Vehicles.

Not enough generation
Too much demand
freq < 50Hz

Too much generation
Not enough demand
freq > 50Hz

• Optimise self consumption of renewable generation

• Store when cheap, use when expensive​

• ​Revenues from from grid for frequency response & balancing schemes

State of art circa 2013. Things are moving on .....

Batteries

Lithium

Ionic

Lead
acid

Redox

Charge Cycles

Power Density

+

+

-

-

Text

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage

Compressed Air (CAES)

• Typically around 60 - 90% efficient

• Uses combination of compressors and expansion chambers to store/deliver energy.

• Historically very large. Underground caverns and 100-300 MW units

  • Low cycle efficiency

  • High self dissipation rates

• Above ground units, using air cylinders, more efficient

• Established Players

  • LightSail

  • FlowBattery

• New entrant from Adjacent market

  • Mattei

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_air_energy_storage

Flywheel ESS

• Characteristics for DR
  • Short high power capability
  • High cycle efficiency (up to ~95% at rated power)
  • Relatively high power density
  • No depth-of-discharge effects
  • Easy maintenance
• Areas of differentiation
  • Steel or composite flywheel (energy capacity)
  • Magnetic or normal bearings (self discharge rates)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flywheel

• Company Power
  • Italian, founded 1919
• Market Power
  • Specialist in Rotary Vane Technologies
• Offer Power
  • Cost effective for compression/expansion up to 250kW
  • Indicative price  <$500/kW
• Execution Power
  • TBC in energy storage

www.matteicomp.com

• Company   Power
  • UK based
  • Formed in May 2015
• Market Power
  • Innovation and direct investment based
  • Manufacture of newly patented storage technologies
• Offer Power
  • 0.5kW/2kWh flywheels
  • Includes motors, control and inverters.
  • Patents in place for novel safety system
  • Pricing; £2.4/W
  • Aimed at behind the meter/domestic
• Execution  Power
  • Production ready, but not proven.

www.heptron.com

• Company   Power
  • ​German based company
  • Spun out of fuel enrichment business
• Market Power
  • Leader in German Market
• Offer Power
  • Flywheel-based storage
  • 22kW/3.6kWh units
  • Built up into containers (220-616kW)
  • Pricing ~£500/kW
  • Aimed at grid scale
• Execution  Power
  • Stadtwerke München
    • 28 flywheels @ 45,000 rpm (peak)
    • 100 kWh, 600 kVA.

www.stornetic.com

• Company   Power
  • ​ US based
• Market Power
  • Grid based deployments in US and Ireland
• Offer Power
  • Flywheel-based Energy Storage
  • Current offering -400 series
    • ​160kW units, 80kWh
    • 2 year warranty
    • Pricing 1.13-1.3 $/W, ex shipping + install
    • Maintenance ~$6/kW per annum
  • Next generation, 2017 – 450XP
• Execution  Power

  • 2011, 20MW facility in NY from 200 modules for frequency regulation

beaconpower.com // en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon_Power

• Company   Power
  • ​ UK private limited company
  • pre-IPO
• Market Power
  • UK based, but global distribution
• Offer Power
  • Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
  • Deep discharge with multiple cycles
  • Domestic: 20kWh, 5kW
  • SME: 300kWh, 60kW 
  • Modular solutions for grid
• Execution  Power
  • Built in Scotland
  • Incorporated 2005

www.redtenergy.com

• Company   Power
  • ​UK, and EU markets
  • AIM listed
• Market Power
  • MoU with Good Energy
  • Agreements with Shell and Toyota
• Offer Power
  • Grid scale storage (HGAS)
  • ReGas units (electricity to H2)
• Execution  Power
• Demo units installed for Grid storage
• H2 fuelling stations deployed

www.itm-power.com

• Company Power
  • US based
  • Founded 2009
  • Marquee Investors
• Market Power
  • US Grid
• Offer Power
  • 250MW compressed air modules
  • Storage based on industrial pipes
• Execution  Power
  • Installing 1MW demonstrator for grid balancing in Ireland

www.lightsail.com

• Company   Power
  • ​ Marquee investors
• Market Power
  • US based, but global distribution
• Offer Power
  • Ionic based, “Sea Water”, i.e. Na+
  • Lower power density, but more sustainable than Li-Ion
  • Deep discharge and high cycle count
• Execution  Power
  • Initially proposing a capacity of 500 megawatt-hours per year in 2013 and 2014.
  • In March 2014 they announced that commercial shipments of batteries would begin in mid-2014
  • In May 2014 announced they had shipped 100 units 

www.aquionenergy.com // en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquion_Energy