Early Middle Ages

Unit 1

In 3rd and 4th Century AD

Roman Empire was invaded

by GERMANIC Tribes

and the HUNS

They came from the North and Eastern Europe

They were farmers and animal herders

Break up of the Roman Empire

Economic exchanges

sold...

Joined the Roman army

furs

amber

Violent attacks/raids

against Roman cities

...but sometimes

Settled in

Roman territory peacefully

Emperor  CONSTANTINE

Moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople

Emperor  THEODOSIUS

Divided the Roman Empire

Western and Eastern Empire

The Byzantine Empire

in the Eastern Roman Empire

and lasted 1000 years.

Germanic tribes

formed small kingdoms

in the

Western Roman Empire

Angles and Saxons

The Germanic Kingdoms 5th and 7th Centuries

Dukes, counts and bishops

controlled the cities

Kings

chosen by the rich

had all the power

Later, became hereditary 

Political Organisation Germanic Kingdoms

People left cities

moved to the villages

Rural Germanic society

Crops and animal

farming

Exchanged

farm products

Most of the population

were peasants

Had a lot of land

Monasteries

Monks recieved donations of land

Places of worship

and

cultural centres

Monasteries

Cultural centres - 

Schools and copied manuscripts

in a scriptorium

Germanic and Roman populations

LANGUAGE

New languages emerged

LAW

Combination of Roman law

with Germanic customs

Religion

Pagan Germanic Tribes

converted to Arianism then Christianity

Germanic influence

German   Dutch    English

Latin influence

Spanish   French    Italian

Kingdom of

the Franks

Frankish king were...

very LAZY

so officials called .....

MAYORS OF THE PALACE

ruled the kingdom

The most important was...

CHARLES MARTEL

(nicknamed - The Hammer)

He stopped the Muslim invasion

of the Frankish Kingdom

in Battle of Poitiers (732AD)

PEPIN THE SHORT

The youngest son of

Charles Martel

The first king

of the

 Carolingian Dynasty

CHARLEMAGNE

Charles Martel's grandson

In 768 - crowned

King of the Franks

He wanted to

restore the

Western Roman Empire

so he...

ll

                              ...conquered various lands

In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne

HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR

Organisation of the Empire

2) Established MARCHES

to separate the

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

from other territories

1) Divided the empire into

COUNTIES ruled by COUNTS

3) MISSI DOMINICI- inspectors that controlled local government

Division of the Empire

Treaty of  Verdun in 843

After Charlemagne died

the
Empire was divided

between his grandsons

Treaty of  Verdun in 843

Treaty of  Verdun in 843

• CHARLES THE BALD

• LOUIS THE GERMAN

• LOTHAIR

The Byzantine Empire

395 - 1453AD

The Eastern Roman Empire

/ Byzantine Empire

Capital - Constantinople

Justinian and,

his wife,Theodora

527-565CE

The Byzantine Empire

Ruled the government, army and

religious leaders together.

Recuperated and modernized Roman Law

The Justinian Code

This document

was called

"INNOCENT UNTIL

PROVEN GUILTY"

Justinian's rule (527-565AD)

well organized government

powerful military

He invaded and conquered

ITALY,

IBERIAN PENINSULA

and NORTH AFRICAN COAST

Justinian

Dominated the coast of Mediterraneean Sea

and

controlled trade between 

East and West

Created gold coins

to make trading easier

Economic Prosperity

Let's watch this video

until 3.20

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

After Justinian death in 565CE

the Byzantine Empire began to lose territories

6th Century

Lombards

conquered Italian Peninsula

7th Century

Lost southern

Iberian Peninsula

to the Visigoths

7th and 8th Century

Islamic Empire

began to conquer

territories 

around the eastern coasts

of Mediterranean Sea

During the 11th and 14th Century the Muslims and Turks conquered most of the Byzantine Empire

the OTTOMAN TURKS conquered CONSTANTINOPLE

ending the BYZANTINE EMPIRE

In 1453, almost 1000 years

after its beginning...

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

In 1453

Turks conquered Constantinople

Basileus / emperor

religious leader,

military/government leader

Patriarch of Constantinople

-highest religious leader

Artisans, merchants, soldiers,

free peasants

Servants and slaves

Byzantine Society - pyramid

Byzantine Society - pyramid

government,

religious authority,

military

and

economic activity

Byzantine cities

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sofia 

The most important church in the Byzantine Empire

Built in 5 years (532-537CE)

during Justinian reign

Why did the church change

into a mosque (mezquita) ?

What happened to the mosaics?

What changed when the Hagia Sofia

became a mosque, and why?

watch the video and

answer the questions

Religious conflicts

West 

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

Leader of the church

- Pope

Culture and art changed

Greek Alphabet

Greek replaced Latin

Latin Alphabet

Architecture and Art

Arabs

nomadic tribes

and

animal herders

Each tribe was polytheist

Shared MECCA as their holy land

Origins of Islam

Mecca and Medina

important cities for trade

traded

spices and silks from Asia

to the

Byzantine Empire

and

across the

Mediterranean Sea

to Europe

Muhammad (570-632) - rich merchant from Mecca

                      started a new monotheistic religion - Islam

with one god - Allah

Other rich merchant didn't accept his teachings so....

...he escaped to

Medina in 622

This was the beginning of the Islamic calendar - Hegira

and built an army in Medina

In 630

He returned to Mecca and captured the city

He unified different tribes under one religion - ISLAM

Quran 

Holy book of Islam

• Mohammad is the the prophet of the only god - ALLAH
• Pray five times a day
• Pilgrimmage to MECCA once
• Fast during RAMADAN
• Help the poor

FIVE  OBLIGATIONS

Spread of

the Islamic Empire

Orthodox Caliphate

(632-661)

After Muhammad died

Islam spread with JIHAD, holy war

Controlled Arabian Peninsula, Persia and Egypt,

conflicts with Byzantine Empire

Orthodox Caliphate

(632-661)

Muhammad's family created a dynasty

 the capital was Medina

Chose the CALIPH (emperor)

In 661 - Omeya family killed the caliph

and took control

(661-750)

Omeya Caliphate

Omeya family controlled the Caliphate

Capital - Damascus

Divided into 

provinces - EMIRATES

Conquered from Persia to the Iberian Peninsula

Charles Martel stopped the Muslim invasion in the Battle of Poitiers in 732

Abbasid Caliphate

Most of the

Umayyad family was killed

except for

Abd al-Rahman I

who escaped to

the Iberian Peninsula

Ummayad family controlled  the Caliphate of Cordoba

in the Iberian Peninsula

Revolt between the Abbasid family and Umayyad family

750-1258

Lost control over Al Andalus

Internal conflicts

lost control over

different territories

Turks invaded

        Mongols invaded Bagdad

             Killed the last Abbasid caliph