Ancient Rome

What do you know about Ancient Rome?

GLADIATORS

AQUADUCTS

  • the three time periods of Ancient Rome and the main differences between them

 

  • what was important about each period

 

  • why each period ended

 

  • Basic characteristics of the Roman society.

We are going to learn :

Etruscans - in the north

Greeks - colonies in the south

Latins - in the centre

Three main cultures

on the Italian Pennisula

 

Etruscans

Conquered ROME in 6th Century

Ruled for 250 years.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Roman World 

Mare Nostrum

There were seven hills around the Tiber River.

 

Etruscans, people from the north of the Italian Península

united the seven hills

into one city

and declared

themselves king.

 

 

Monarchy 753-509BC

The Monarchy 735-509BC

The king chosen by the richest people

Elected for life

King controlled

religious ceremonies,

the army

and the justice

The Romans defeated the Etruscans

and changed the Monarchy to Republic

The Republic

509-27 BC

What does REPUBLIC mean to you?

Is there only ONE person who rules????

Do the people participate in the government?

Which people? All the people? Some people? Who participates?

Three institutions:

       Assemblies /comitias  - a place where

      (patricians & plebeians)

             VOTED for laws.

 

Magistrates -

  made political decisions

    AND created laws.

 

Senate - A group of senators

     Gave advice to

            the magistrates)

                                                                                                                     

Government in the REPUBLIC

Roman Society

Patricians - important, wealthy people in society.

Only people who had political power.

Plebeians - craftsmen, merchants and peasants

Slaves -

Prisoners of war

owned by the masters

Roman Women - male guardians, no political rights,

take care of children and house, work in the fields or shops

Tribune of the Plebians

5th Century

Fought to attend the Senate

Became magistrates and senators

500 BC - 27 BC - Italian Peninsula

Expansion of the REPUBLIC

Italian Peninsula

Army expanded the Roman territory

organised in LEGIONS,

formed by LEGIONARIES (soldiers)

Roman Legions

Cities were destroyed

Conquered land and people.

people who resisted

became

slaves

The conquered territories organised

in PROVINCES

Each province ruled be GOVERNOR

Expansion of the Republic

Economy - Improved

               - Trade increased = more products and slaves

                   - Collected more taxes from conquered territories

 

 

                     Politics - Created PROVINCES.

                                - Each province had a GOVERNOR

                                     

 

                                    Society - Inequality between people

                                            - Only a few people had most of the wealth

                                                    

Decline of the Republic

1st Century BCE - 27 BC

PROBLEMS

Large territories - difficult to control

Generals became more important

Solution ????

Inequality between rich and poor

Corruption

Social unrest 

Internal conflicts

Fighting between different provinces and Rome = Civil Wars

WHY??????

JULIUS CAESAR   A consul and general.

The most famous and victorious.

Stopped the invasion

of Roman territories in

 France and Belgium

by  Germanic tribes

 

Julius Caesar

 declared himself

PERPETUAL DICTATOR.

 

He wanted to change Rome

from a REPUBLIC

to

an EMPIRE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DO YOU THINK THE SENATE

WAS HAPPY????

 He was killed by 60 senators in the Senate

on the Ides (15) of March 44BC

Subtitle

Roman Empire 

27BC - 476AD

Many people and politicians

liked and supported Caesar

a CIVIL WAR started

Octavian  (Caesar's nephew)

 won the war

He started the EMPIRE

and became

the 1st EMPEROR

Octavian 

changed his name to

which means

CHOSEN BY THE GODS

As EMPEROR

he controlled the army

government and

was the highest

religious leader

AUGUSTUS

PAX ROMANA

Conquered new territories

and...

1st and 2nd Centuries

PAX ROMANA

1st and 2nd Centuries

Important buildings were built

Puga, Croatia

PAX ROMANA

1st and 2nd Centuries

Bath, England 

PAX ROMANA

1st and 2nd Centuries

 Libya

Romanisation

Conquered lands/people adopted ...

LAWS

TRADITIONS/

RELIGION

LANGUAGE - Latin

In the 3rd Century All MEN living in Roman territory

became CITIZENS

                           Except for slaves

Roman Society

Non-Citizens

Roman Society

WOMEN

had no political rights and

couldn't vote

Wealth landowners

Text

Merchants, craftsmen, and peasants

Text

Prisoners of war

Not free

Crisis in the Empire

3rd Century

Germanic tribes from

the north,

Persians from the east, and pirates from coast of Africa

attacked cities in the empire

There were invasions

so

Cities unsafe

People left cities

and

went to the countryside

Trade decreased

Economic crisis

TRADE COLLASPED

Cities were dangerous

People left cities

and moved to the country

and

RURALISATION

Western Roman Empire couldn't defend itself against

Germanic tribe invasions

4th Century AD

Emperor THEODOSIUS

Divided

the Roman Empire

 

Easier to defend

 

in 395AD

The empire was divided in two

Western Roman Empire

and Eastern Roman Empire - Byzantine Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire became

the Byzantine Empire

lasted 1000 years until 1453AD

In 476AD

German tribes invaded and

divided the

Western Roman Empire

into small kingdoms

The Western Roman Empire

divided into separate Germanic Kingdoms

Ancient Rome 2024-5 for students

By txecor

Ancient Rome 2024-5 for students

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