Medieval Cities

in Europe

Unit 3

11th to 14th Century    

Trade increased

 between Muslim World,

Byzantine Empire and Far East

Agriculture improved

new techniques were introduced

population grew

a time of growth and change

High Middle Ages

11th and 13th Century

Beginning of Banking

appeared to manage

money in trade

Improvements in Agriculture

Better tools and techniques = More food

Less famine = healthier population

More food = Less famine

Healthier population = Less deaths, more births

Population grew from 42 million to 73 million in 300 hundred years

Better tools = more production, less work

Roman plough

10th Century

Which was more efficient??????

Better Tools

Improvements Agricultural Techniques

Irrigation

New methods from Muslim territories

= More food

   = more people

 Three Year Crop Rotation

Text

Better methods ...

Did the work for 40 people

Windmills and Watermills

Increase in Trade

and

Why????

people left fiefs/villages

moved to cities ...

trade between

cities and the kingdoms/empires increased

less manual work in agriculture ...

so

and

Trade Routes

Mediterranean route

Joined

SPANISH and ITALIAN cities to

ISLAMIC and BYZANTINE ports

Important Trade Routes

Important Trade Routes

What was traded?

From the West to East

• wool/leather

• grains (wheat,oats)

• salt/wine

• wood

• weapons/iron

From the East to West

• spices/perfume

• honey

• porcelain

• cotton/cloth/furs/silk

• rugs

• dyes

Merchants met at TRADE FAIRS to sell and buy products

Creation of Banking

Gave credit and

Bills of exchange

Made buying

and selling easier

CREDIT

MONEY CHANGER

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

Lent money with interest

exchanged different coins

with

different values

replaced money

ARTISANS

and

GUILDS

Artisans

made and sold

their products

in workshops

where they lived

Different artisans formed guilds

Ironsmith

Hatmaker

Shoemaker

Goldsmith

An association or group of artisans.

All artisans had to belong to a guild to practise a trade

• wages earned
• how many hours artisans worked
• working conditions
• prices of goods and raw materials

Controlled

What was a guild?

• Limited competition
• Provided loans
• Trained new trade members
• Helped families whose father had died

Benefits

The role of a Craftsmen

made  OBJECTS   from

METAL        WOOD       CERAMIC

 LEATHER               COTTON

became important

because society changed from...

tools

 weapons

furniture

 a self-sufficient society (rural)

a commercial society (urban)

clothes   

shoes

to

How to become a CRAFTSMAN

1) AN APPRENTICE

Young teenaged boy learned the trade

Didn't earn wages

Lived and worked

in a Master Craftsman's

Workshop

next

2) JOURNEYMAN

Skilled artisan worked for master craftsmen

Recieved wages

Could move from workshop to workshop

Women often made clothes in workshops

Spinner, weavers

and carpenters

MASTER CRAFTSMAN

How to become a 

Journeyman

completed and presented

a MASTERPIECE

to the

GUILD

Let´s watch the video

and answer these questions...

What was a guild?

What benefits did craftsman have

when they belonged to a guild?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnQlHeee9Dw&feature=share&list=PL924AC0143DD06D38&index=38

Medieval Cities grew because...

Cities were located

near the coast

an

important river

or

Genoa, Italy

Old cities expanded and

new cities started

Bruges, Low Countries

Each city received a

        CHARTER or FUEROS

Self-government

 with rights and privileges

(freedom from feudal lords)

Cities were the centre of

RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL and

ECONOMIC activity

Wealthy families

created a council

that controlled

the city hall

The city hall

defended the city

 collected taxes

and maintained

of the city walls

Councils and City Halls

King /

Pope

Clergy / Nobility

Rich artisans, merchants

and bankers

Merchants, craftsmen,

shopkeepers, 

house servants and  students

Peasants (no work) begged or stole

New classes that appeared during the 12th Century

Bourgeoisie

 New social structure

Urban Society 

Elite

Christians - majority

Multicultural cities

Muslims -usually craftsmen

only found in Iberian Peninsula

lived in separately outside

city walls.

Jews - usually merchants, bankers

lived in together in separate parts of cities called 'ghettoes'

In Spain lived in JUDERIAS

Tudela

Segovia

Medieval Cities

Pamplona

Walls the protected the city

Moat protected against invasions

Gate/door

closed at night

CITY HALL

COVERED MARKET

CATHEDRALS

Organised in neighbourhoods

Narrow streets, crowded, dirty and unhealthy

Market square - farmers and merchants sold products

                                                         and festivals / executions

Cities were dirty,crowded unsafe.

11th-13th  Century Renaissance

Education

Cathedral schools

controlled by the bishop

taught religion

Urban/municipal schools

educate weathly people living

in cities

taught reading, writing, maths ...

Find the oldest universities in Europe

Architecture

Explosion of public buildings

Cathedral, churches, market place

and city hall

Art

Paintings and sculptures

were commissioned

by private people

Literature

New literary styles appeared

Most people couldn't read so ...

MINSTRELS - travelled an played music and

recited poetry

Palaces decorated built by weathly nobles and merchants

12th Century Renaissance

City charters

Gave cities charters/fueros

= privileges and autonomy

In exchange for

economic support = taxes

Rise of the Monarch

Economic

Political

Collected more taxes from cities

Created private armies

Less dependence on nobility

Rise of the Monarchy

BOURGEOISIE became more important

than the NOBILIT Y

Supported the kings

Kings gave their cities CHARTERS

Late Middle Ages 

Agriculture

Economic - Social Tensions

bad weather, lost crops

unfertile soil

famine

Peasants forced to fight in wars

  rebelled

City dwellers forced to pay high taxes

  rioted

Time of Crisis

1350-1400's

Demographic

Black Plague

killed 1/3 of the population

Black Death 1347 - 1351

What were the symptoms of the Black Plague?

Explain where it came from and why it killed so many people

How many people died?