Trade increased

 between Muslim World,

Byzantine Empire and Far East

Agriculture improved

new techniques were introduced

population grew

a time of growth and change

High Middle Ages

11th and 13th Century

Beginning of Banking

appeared to manage

money in trade

Improvements in Agriculture

Better tools and techniques = More food

Less famine = healthier population

More food = Less famine

Healthier population = Less deaths, more births

Population grew from 42 million to 73 million in 300 hundred years

Better tools = more production, less work

Roman plough

10th Century

Which was more efficient??????

Better Tools

Improvements Agricultural Techniques

Irrigation

New methods from Muslim territories

= More food

   = more people

 Three Year Crop Rotation

Text

Better methods ...

Did the work for 40 people

Windmills and Watermills

Increase in Trade

and

Why????

people left fiefs/villages

moved to cities ...

trade between

cities and the kingdoms/empires increased

less manual work in agriculture ...

so

and

What was traded?

From the West to East

• wool/leather

• grains (wheat,oats)

• salt/wine

• wood

• weapons/iron

From the East to West

• spices/perfume

• honey

• porcelain

• cotton/cloth/furs/silk

• rugs

• dyes

Merchants buy and sell in TRADE FAIRS

CREDIT

MONEY CHANGER

Lent money with interest

exchanged different coins

with

different values

ARTISANS

and

GUILDS

Artisans

made and sold

their products

in workshops

where they lived

Different artisans formed guilds

Ironsmith

Hatmaker

Shoemaker

Goldsmith

An association or group of artisans.

All artisans had to belong to a guild to practise a trade

• wages earned
• how many hours artisans worked
• working conditions
• prices of goods and raw materials

Controlled

What was a guild?

• Limited competition
• Provided loans
• Trained new trade members
• Helped families whose father had died

Benefits

The role of a Craftsmen

made  OBJECTS   from

METAL        WOOD       CERAMIC

 LEATHER               COTTON

became important

because society changed from...

tools

 weapons

furniture

 a self-sufficient society (rural)

a commercial society (urban)

clothes   

shoes

to

How to become a CRAFTSMAN

1) AN APPRENTICE

Young teenaged boy

learned the trade

Didn't earn wages

Lived and worked

in a Master Craftsman's

Workshop

next

2) JOURNEYMAN

Skilled artisan worked for master craftsmen

Recieved wages

Could move from workshop to workshop

Women often made clothes in workshops

Spinner, weavers

and carpenters

Let´s watch the video

and answer these questions...

What was a guild?

What benefits did craftsman have

when they belonged to a guild?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnQlHeee9Dw&feature=share&list=PL924AC0143DD06D38&index=38

Cities were located

near the coast

an

important river

or

Genoa, Italy

Old cities expanded and

new cities started

Bruges, Low Countries

Each city received a

        CHARTER or FUEROS

Self-government

 with rights and privileges

(freedom from feudal lords)

Cities were the centre of

RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL and

ECONOMIC activity

City Halls

Wealthy families

controlled

the city hall

...defended the city, collected taxes

and maintained

of the city walls

King /

Pope

Clergy / Nobility

Rich artisans, merchants

and bankers

Merchants, craftsmen,

shopkeepers, 

house servants and  students

Peasants (no work) begged or stole

New classes that appeared during the 12th Century

Bourgeoisie

 New social structure

Urban Society 

Elite

Christians - majority

Multicultural cities

Muslims -usually craftsmen

only found in Iberian Peninsula

lived in separately outside

city walls.

Jews - usually merchants, bankers

lived in together in separate parts of cities called 'ghettoes'

In Spain lived in JUDERIAS

Tudela

Segovia

Medieval Cities

Pamplona

Walls the protected the city

Moat protected against invasions

Gate/door

closed at night

CITY HALL

COVERED MARKET

CATHEDRALS

Organised in neighbourhoods

Narrow streets, crowded, dirty and unhealthy

Market square - farmers and merchants sold products

                                                         and festivals / executions

11th-13th  Century Renaissance

Education

Cathedral schools

controlled by the bishop

taught religion

Urban/municipal schools

educate weathly people living

in cities

taught reading, writing, maths ...

Find the oldest universities in Europe

Architecture

Explosion of public buildings

Cathedral, churches, market place

and city hall

Palaces decorated built by weathly nobles and merchants

Art

Paintings and sculptures

were commissioned

by private people

Literature

New literary styles appeared

Greek philosophers

rediscovered

Most people couldn't read so ...

MINSTRELS - travelled an played music and

recited poetry

City charters

Gave cities charters/fueros

= privileges and autonomy

In exchange for

economic support = taxes

Rise of the Monarch

Economic growth

Growth of cities

Collected more taxes from cities

Created private armies

Less dependence on nobility

Rise of the Monarchy

BOURGEOISIE became more important

than the NOBILIT Y

Supported the kings

Kings gave their cities CHARTERS

Rise of the Monarchy

Studied Law

Royal adminstration - professional

restored Roman Law

Growth of Universities

Black Death 1347 - 1351

What were the symptoms of the Black Plague?

Explain where it came from and why it killed so many people

How many people died?