EarlyMiddle Ages

UNIT 1 Lesson4

UNIT 2

Feudal

Society

Kingdom of

the Franks

Frankish king were...

very LAZY

so.....

MAYORS OF THE PALACE

ruled the kingdom

The most important was...

CHARLES MARTEL

(nicknamed - The Hammer)

He stopped the Muslim invasion

of the Frankish Kingdom

in

Battle of Poitiers (732AD)

PEPIN The Short

The youngest son of Charles Martel

In 751 - Pope Zachary

crowned him

King of the Franks

The first king of the

 Carolingian Dynasty

CHARLEMAGNE

Charles Martel's grandson

In 768 - crowned

King of the Franks

He wanted to

restore the

Western Roman Empire

so he...

conquered various lands

Text

Carolingian Empire

In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne

HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR

As Holy Roman Emperor CHARLEMAGNE

1) Established MARCHES

to separate the

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

from other territories

2) Divided the empire into

COUNTIES 

ruled by COUNTS

Treaty of

Verdun

843

Division of the Empire

• CHARLES THE BALD

• LOUIS THE GERMAN

• LOTHAIR

Treaty of  Verdun in 843

After Charlemagne died

the
Empire divided

between his grandsons

New Invasions

Western Europe was invaded by

VIKINGS, MAGYARS

and SARACENS

9th -10th Centuries

9th and 10th Century

Europe divided but...

Holy Roman

Empire

Kingdom

of

France

Caliphate of

Cordoba

Kingdom

of

Hungry

Christianity

Europe was unified with...

Trade

Social Structure

9th and 10th Century Monarchies lost power

•  Didn't control all their terrritory

Kingdoms divided

between king's children

so

smaller, weaker kingdoms

• Didn't have large armies

• Couldn't collect taxes

• Depended on lords/nobility                  to provide soldiers

Kingdoms

no permanent capital

the CURIA -

(church, officials,

lawyers, noble and soldiers

9th and 10th Century

Monarchies travelled with

the COURT

helped the MONARCHY

rule kingdoms

Feudalism

Result...

Networks in

Feudal Society

Nobles offered the kings

protection

with their knights

and soldiers

Kings gave

the Nobility land

called fiefs

Pact of vassalage

in a special ceremony

Lords protected peasants/serfs

in their fiefs and castles

Peasants called serfs

worked on the Lord's fief

Networks in

 Feudal Society

FIEF / MANOR

Land the VASSALs (Lords/Knights) received

for allegiance to the King

or Noble with higher rank

Text

This video explains

FEUDALISM -  a new social and political system that started in the 9th and 10th Century in Western Europe

1. Explain the agreement/deal that the kings made with the                                          nobles/lords.

       a) What did the kings give the nobles

       b) What did the nobles give the king

2. Explain the order of society.  

3. What role did the peasants have?

4. Why was FEUDALISM a benefit for people during the Middle Ages?

5. Why were castles important

FEUDALISM

Watch the video and answer the questions

Everything on the fief, including the serfs,

                 belonged to the Lord.

                He had

                          complete authority

King/lord/noble lived here

CASTLE / MANOR HOUSE

Places on a FIEF

Village - where the free peasants lived

Desmesne - part of the fief

only the LORD used

but

peasants worked

Places on a FIEF

Spinning Wheel / Loom - to make clothes

Well  -  to get water

Forest - hunting and wood

Plots of land - to grow food

Places on a FIEF

Oven  - to cook food

Press - make wine and oil

Places on a FIEF

Blacksmith  -  a person and place to make tools

Privileged Estates

Three Estates

NOBLES and

KNIGHTS

COMMONERS

SERFS/

FREE PEASANTS

CLERGY

The Nobility

Lower Nobility

Upper Nobility

owned large estates(fiefs)

had titles:

DUKE, COUNT, MARQUIS

Knights -

came from rich families

owned horse and weapons

Provided protection for

the King

or other

richer nobles

Responsible to

defend

the population

Knights 

(lower nobility)

A 7 year old boy

      from weathly family

went to live with a knight

as his servant and student

PAGE

How to become a knight

Learned to read, sing, fight and play chess

SQUIRE

When he showed that he had learnt everything...

A 15 year old boy

trained with the knight

and helped him.

 KNIGHTS

...the SQUIRE became a knight in a special ceremony.

NOBLE WOMEN

• Arranged marriages
• Better educated than men
• Took care of house and  children

Unmarried women went to convents

recieved high level

of education

MEDIEVAL KNIGHTS

What were the steps to become

      a knight?

Name some of the responsibilities that a squire had?

What was CHIVALRY?

Name some of the WEAPONS and ARMOUR?

What did knights do in TOURNAMENTS?

Watch the video and answer these questions

Life in a Castle

SERFS

Serfs - Not free to leave the fief

                              Didn't recieve money for work

Received food and shelter for work

Born a serf,

died a serf

WORKERS

Free Peasants

 Free to make personal decisions

Owned small pieces of land called plots

Lived in villages

Paid taxes to the lord

to use

the MILL, PRESS  and OVEN

Serf's daily work

Grew 

wheat (trigo)

barley (cebada)

vegetables

Crops

Serf's Agricultural work

Everyone in the family

worked all day long

Typical farming tools

Roman Plough

TWO YEAR ROTATION

No fertiliser to grow food.

GOOD because

the cultivated land more fertile

BAD because

only used half the land

cultivated less food

fallow

A short hard life with a lot of difficulties

Lived in small villages

Houses made of wood and mud

With one room, Very little furniture

 Shared the house with the animals

Every day life of a Serf

Self-sufficient:

Cultivated their own food

 Made their own clothes

 Furniture and houses

CLERGY

Baptism

Marriage

Last Rites

when and where a child was born, his/her name and parents' names

who was married and

who  were their children

when a person died, where they were buried

Monks, priests, nuns performed religious functions

and produced important records/archives

about the population. For example...

Lived in monasteries

Isolated from other people

CLERGY

Had political power, economic power

and cultural power

Political Power

Catholic Church

Only church in Western Europe/Christiandom

Could EXCOMMUNICATE the King

King lost all his vassals and became unprotected and weak.

The POPE was the head of the Catholic Church

Economic Power

Recieved money and land

Peasants gave some of their harvest (a tithe)

to the Church 

Had serfs to do all manual work

Copied and translated  ancient written works

Culture

Created manuscripts and copied artwork

in the scriptorium

Beginning of new social, political and economic structure called FEUDALISM

CLERGY

Spread of Christianity

in the 11th-13th century

CURSADES

Military expeditions to recover JERUSALEM from the Muslims

TEMPLARES

Military orders

of monks and knights

  that fought against

    the Muslims