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vk_mini_path_tracer

Chapter 6

Compute Shaders

Link to the tutorial

 

https://nvpro-samples.github.io/vk_mini_path_tracer/

 

Source code


https://github.com/nvpro-samples/vk_mini_path_tracer

Shaders

  • The code the GPU runs
  • Vulkan uses SPIR-V
    • Binary format
  • Commonly use GLSL or HLSL
    • "human readable"
    • C-like languages
#version 460
#extension GL_EXT_debug_printf : require

layout(local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 8, local_size_z = 1) in;

void main()
{
  debugPrintfEXT("Hello from invocation (%d, %d)!\n", 
      gl_GlobalInvocationID.x, gl_GlobalInvocationID.y);
}

Shader execution

  • GPU's are massively parallel machines
  • Characterized as 'SPMD'
    • Single Program, Multiple Data
  • The GPU may run many hundreds or thousands of 'invocations' at the same time
  • How and what does the invocation depends on the shader type

Shader Types

  • Organized by which pipeline they run in
    • Graphics
      • Vertex - Run on each vert in a mesh
      • Fragment - "Pixel shading"
      • Also: tessellation control, tessellation evaluation, geometry, fragment, task, and mesh
    • Compute
      • General Purpose computation
      • Can control how it gets invoked
    • Raytracing
      • Ray generation, any hit, callable, closest hit, intersection, and miss
      • More work to use, don't necessarily need it

Ray Queries

  • Able to execute ray tracing from a compute shader
  • Simplify the code by a large margin
  • Aren't without tradeoffs:
    • Can't 'call' other shaders from a compute shader
    • Raytracing Pipelines offer more places for optimal utilization of hardware

Work Groups

  • Can be thought of as a division of 3d points of equal size
  • Compute shaders are invoked in a '3d' fashion
    • In that shaders use these coordinates to determine which array elements are 'theirs'
  • Optimal performance means creating work-group sizes that utilize the hardware best
    • Different GPU's result in different sizes
    • Complex topic, and terminology isn't consistent between API's & hardware

Work Groups Cont'

  • Given a 15x13 matrix
  • Tile the array with 16x8x1 invocations per work group
  • Need 1x2x1 work groups to do everything

 

Creating a "shader"

  • Create a folder called 'shaders'
  • Make a new file called 'raytrace.comp.glsl'
    • comp for compute
  • Add this code
#version 460

layout(local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 8, local_size_z = 1) in;

void main()
{
}
  • Get cmake to regenerate & rebuild then run
  • Should see 'raytrace.comp.glsl.spv' created
  • Use the 'GL_EXT_debug_printf' extension
  • Then make the shader print text
  • Will print 128 times, one for each invocation
    • Need to implement the code to make this shader be executed first
#version 460
#extension GL_EXT_debug_printf : require

layout(local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 8, local_size_z = 1) in;

void main()
{
  debugPrintfEXT("Hello world!");
}

"Hello, World!"

How shaders get compiled

  • Like CPU compilation, but targets 'SPIR-V'
    • Standard Portable Intermediate Representation-V
  • GLSL often uses `glslangValidator`
  • Drivers then interpret it into ASM specific to a GPU
  • Allows GPU's to change ASM every generation but still run the same shader code.
    • Contrast to SIMD in CPU's
    • Does requires 'just in time' compilation, caching helps reduce this burden
  • Can view GPU ASM if desired
  • Also can view SPIR-V directly with spirv-dis

But how does it really get compiles?

  • Through CMake magic of course!
  • Not important for this tutorial
  • Basically the following happens:
    • CMake looks for glsl files
    • The runs glslangValidator on them
file(GLOB_RECURSE GLSL_SOURCE_FILES "shaders/*.glsl")
foreach(GLSL ${GLSL_SOURCE_FILES})
    get_filename_component(FILE_NAME ${GLSL} NAME)
    _compile_GLSL(${GLSL} "shaders/${FILE_NAME}.spv" GLSL_SOURCES SPV_OUTPUT)
endforeach(GLSL)

Now to 'make' the shader

  • Need several Vulkan objects
    • VkShaderModule
    • VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo
    • VkPipelineLayout
    • VkPipeline
  • Need two additional header files
    • nvh/fileoperations.h
    • nvvk/shaders_vk.hpp
#define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <fileformats/stb_image_write.h>
#include <nvh/fileoperations.hpp>  // For nvh::loadFile
#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>         // For the full (not only core) Vulkan API


#define NVVK_ALLOC_DEDICATED
#include <nvvk/allocator_vk.hpp>  // For NVVK memory allocators
#include <nvvk/context_vk.hpp>
#include <nvvk/shaders_vk.hpp>  // For nvvk::createShaderModule
#include <nvvk/structs_vk.hpp>  // For nvvk::make

Update main.cpp's header

Enable "Debug Printf"

  • Implemented in the validation layers
  • Only needed for this chapter
    • handy for debugging in the future
deviceInfo.addDeviceExtension(VK_KHR_SHADER_NON_SEMANTIC_INFO_EXTENSION_NAME);
VkValidationFeaturesEXT validationInfo = nvvk::make<VkValidationFeaturesEXT>();
VkValidationFeatureEnableEXT validationFeatureToEnable = 
    VK_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ENABLE_DEBUG_PRINTF_EXT;
validationInfo.enabledValidationFeatureCount = 1;
validationInfo.pEnabledValidationFeatures = &validationFeatureToEnable;
deviceInfo.instanceCreateInfoExt = &validationInfo;
#ifdef _WIN32
    _putenv_s("DEBUG_PRINTF_TO_STDOUT", "1");
#else   // If not _WIN32
    putenv("DEBUG_PRINTF_TO_STDOUT=1");
#endif  // _WIN32
  • Next to render_width and render_height
  • For convenience, so we don't have magic numbers
static const uint32_t workgroup_width  = 16;
static const uint32_t workgroup_height = 8;

Add two workgroup size constants

  • Find the SPIR-V file
  • Load it into memory
  • Give it to the driver + other info
    • Get a VkShaderModule in return
std::vector<std::string> searchPaths = 
    { PROJECT_ABSDIRECTORY, 
      PROJECT_ABSDIRECTORY "../", 
      PROJECT_RELDIRECTORY,
      PROJECT_RELDIRECTORY "../", 
      PROJECT_NAME};
      // used later for obj loading

VkShaderModule rayTraceModule =
    nvvk::createShaderModule(context, 
        nvh::loadFile("shaders/raytrace.comp.glsl.spv", true, searchPaths));

Lets create a VkShaderModule

  • spir-v files can have more than one 'entry point'
    • Need to tell it to use "main"
  • Need to say its a compute shader
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStageCreateInfo 
    = nvvk::make<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo>();
shaderStageCreateInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
shaderStageCreateInfo.module = rayTraceModule;
shaderStageCreateInfo.pName = "main";

Lets create a VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo!

  • VkPipelineLayout's describe the inputs for the shader
    • We have no inputs currently
    • So there is nothing to lay out!
// For the moment, create an empty pipeline layout. You can 
// ignore this code for now; we'll replace it in the next chapter.
VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutCreateInfo = 
    nvvk::make<VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo>();
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.setLayoutCount             = 0;
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.pushConstantRangeCount     = 0;
VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
NVVK_CHECK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(context, 
    &pipelineLayoutCreateInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &pipelineLayout));

Empty VkPipelineLayout

  • Very simple struct
    • Compared to graphics pipelines which have about 15 members
typedef struct VkComputePipelineCreateInfo {
    VkStructureType                    sType;
    const void*                        pNext;
    // Lets one modify how the pipeline works
    VkPipelineCreateFlags              flags; 
    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo    stage;
    VkPipelineLayout                   layout;
     // Used for deriving compute pipelines
     // - we won't use this in this tutorial.
    VkPipeline                         basePipelineHandle;
    int32_t                            basePipelineIndex;
} VkComputePipelineCreateInfo;

VkComputePipelineCreateInfo description

  • Plug the previous structures into this one
  • You can create multiple pipelines at once
    • We only need one
VkComputePipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo 
    = nvvk::make<VkComputePipelineCreateInfo>();
pipelineCreateInfo.stage = shaderStageCreateInfo;
pipelineCreateInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
  
VkPipeline computePipeline;
NVVK_CHECK(vkCreateComputePipelines(context, // Device
    VK_NULL_HANDLE,          // Pipeline cache (uses default)
    1, &pipelineCreateInfo,  // Compute pipeline create info
    VK_NULL_HANDLE,          // Allocator (uses default)
    &computePipeline));      // Output

Creating the VkPipeline

  • Remove the `fillValue` & vkCmdFillBuffer
  • Bind the Compute Pipeline
  • Dispatch the shader with a specified number of workgroups
    • The three parameters are dimensions X, Y, and Z
// Bind the compute shader pipeline
vkCmdBindPipeline(cmdBuffer, 
    VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, computePipeline);
  
// Run the compute shader with one workgroup for now
vkCmdDispatch(cmdBuffer, 1, 1, 1);

'Dispatching' the Compute Pipeline

  • No longer using transfers, but a direct write
  • transfer-to-host -> shader-to-host
  • Replace srcAccessMask with 
    VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT
  • Replace srcStageMask with 
    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT
VkMemoryBarrier memoryBarrier = nvvk::make<VkMemoryBarrier>();
memoryBarrier.srcAccessMask   = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT;  // Make shader writes
memoryBarrier.dstAccessMask   = VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT;     // Readable by the CPU
vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmdBuffer,                              // The command buffer
                     VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,   // From the compute shader
                     VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT,             // To the CPU
                     0,                                      // No special flags
                     1, &memoryBarrier,                      // An array of memory barriers
                     0, nullptr, 0, nullptr);                // No other barriers

Need to update the barrier

  • Destroy the following before you destroy the device
    • VkPipeline
    • VkPipelineLayout
    • VkShaderModule
vkDestroyPipeline(context, computePipeline, nullptr);
vkDestroyShaderModule(context, rayTraceModule, nullptr);
vkDestroyPipelineLayout(context, pipelineLayout, nullptr);

Lastly: Cleanup

Should see the following

INFO: UNASSIGNED-DEBUG-PRINTF
 --> Validation Information: [ UNASSIGNED-DEBUG-PRINTF ] Object 0: handle = 0x1cb865172d8, type = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE; | MessageID = 0x92394c89 | Hello world!
  • Query a shader invocations 'coordinates'
  • Print that info
  • Log is unlikely to be in order
  debugPrintfEXT("Hello from invocation (%d, %d)!\n", 
      gl_GlobalInvocationID.x, gl_GlobalInvocationID.y);

Lets print the invocation indices!

INFO: UNASSIGNED-DEBUG-PRINTF
 --> Validation Information: [ UNASSIGNED-DEBUG-PRINTF ] Object 0: handle = 0x283f9fc4c48, type = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE; | MessageID = 0x92394c89 | Hello from invocation (0, 0)!

Thank you!

 

Questions?

Next week: Descriptors

Graphics Programming Virtual Meetup

Vulkan Mini Path Tracer Chapter 6

By Charles Giessen

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Vulkan Mini Path Tracer Chapter 6

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