Far Cry 3
The Construction of History and Collective Identity in Video Games
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University of Leipzig
Konstantin Freybe M.A.
konstantin.freybe@uni-leipzig.de
find this presentation online:
https://slides.com/kfreybe/far-cry-3-history-and-identity
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Problem & Hypotheses
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Information on Far Cry 3
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Intermediality
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Documentality
- Conclusion
Outline
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Problem & Hypotheses
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Information on Far Cry 3
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Game Type
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Single Player Campaign
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Groups of NPCs
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Optional Storylines
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Intermediality
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Concepts & Approaches
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Intermediality & Far Cry 3
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Documentality-
Maurizio Ferraris' (et al) Concept -
Problematic Application on Far Cry 3
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- Conclusion
Outline
1. Problem & Hypotheses
My Main Problem: How Does Narration Work in Video Games?
T1: Video Games have a specific way of narrating stories.
T2: This game-specific way of narration has at least two characterising features: experience* and choice.
C1: Narration in video games is focussing on the users in a specific way, offering them a social space within the game.
T3:Video games can only qualify as social spaces if users are allowed to act socially.
T4: Users can act socially even within a single-player campaign if they are offered an in-game context that provides elements which allow interaction to be interpreted as social*.
C2: These elements have to be constructed in the game for the purpose of constituting a social space.
The user is the focal point of video games whose choices determine the progression of the game.
Games provide potentials which are realised by the user's actions.
*We should probably discuss this.
2. Information on Far Cry 3
Title: Far Cry 3
Developer: Havok
Publisher: Ubisoft
Year: 2012
Platform: Playstation 3
USK Classification: +18 years (not suitable for minors)
ID: BLES01137
Color Enconding: PAL
Specimen:
2. Information on Far Cry 3
Specimen:
- Official Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rli2DXlrSaM
Marketing:
2. Information on Far Cry 3
Specimen:
- Official Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rli2DXlrSaM
- Pop Culture References | Music:
- Trailer/Noisia-Machine Gun (16Bit Remix):
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Skrillex feat. Damian Marley - Make it Bun Dem: :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7sgq6PxFXE
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"Make it Bun Dem" - In-Game Context: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyGgJrtc6tQ
- Die Antwoord - I Fink U Freeky: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4IH6BUvAr0
- "I Fink U Freeky" - In-Game Context: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vnx0jsDXgBY
- Pop Culture References | Music:
Marketing:
2. Information on Far Cry 3
2.1. Game Type
giantbomb.com: "open-world first-person shooter"
spong.com: "Viewed: 3D First-person" | "Genre: Shoot 'Em Up"
vgcollect.com: "Genre: First-person Shooter"
igdb.com: "Genre: Shooter"
mobygames.com: "open world first-person shooter"
thegamesdb.net: "Genre: Shooter"
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
Sources of Information:
- playing through the game myself
- observe marketing/PR:
- press & guides: e.g. Kotaku, IGN, Gamestar, ...
- observing annual events/conventions: e.g. E3, Tokyo Game Show, Gamescon, ...
- analyse* web-content:
- generated by producers: e.g. trailers, official websites, art work, ...
- generated by users: Wikis, Let's Plays, Twitch streams, forum discussions, ...
*We probably should discuss this.
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
Sources of Information:
- playing through the game myself
- observe marketing/PR:
- press & guides: e.g. Kotaku, IGN, Gamestar, ...
- observing annual events/conventions: e.g. E3, Tokyo Game Show, Gamescon, ...
- analyse* web-content:
- generated by producers: e.g. trailers, official websites, art work, ...
- generated by users: Wikis, Let's Plays, Twitch streams, forum discussions, ...
*We probably should still discuss this.
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
Main Characters
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Citra Talugmai (determinant)
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Dennis Rogers (alive)
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Willis Huntley (alive)
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Sam Becker (deceased)
Supporting Characters
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Liza Snow (determinant)
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Riley Brody (determinant)
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Daisy Lee (determinant)
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Oliver Carswell (determinant)
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Keith Ramsay (determinant)
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Dr. Alec Earnhardt (deceased)
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Grant Brody (deceased)
Protagonist
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Jason Brody (determinant)
Antagonists
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Vaas Montenegro (deceased)
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Hoyt Volker (deceased)
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Buck (deceased)
characters mentioned by farcry.wikia.com:
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
factions mentioned by farcry.wikia.com:
not mentioned by farcry.wikia.com:
- civilians
- Japanese Soldiers who died in World War 2
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
factions mentioned by farcry.wikia.com:
- Vaas's Pirates
- The Rakyat
- Hoyt's Privateers
not mentioned by farcry.wikia.com:
- civilians
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Imperial Japanese Soldiers who died in World War 2
The Rakyat and their presentation as an ancient tribe works as an inner-diegetic* reference. Ritual places, ruins, and myths - although fictional - are social objects as they indicate a historical past of The Rakyat's society. It can be viewed as an outer-diegetic reference*,too, as they show a specific mode of commemoration: visiting and interpreting locations.
*We probably should discuss this.
2.2. Single Player Campaign
The Rakyat and their presentation as an ancient tribe works as an inner-diegetic* reference. Ritual places, ruins, and myths - although fictional - are social objects as they indicate a historical past of The Rakyat's society. It can be viewed as an outer-diegetic reference*,too, as they show a specific mode of commemoration: visiting and interpreting locations.
*We probably should discuss this.
2. Information on Far Cry 3
did you notice the cannabis plants in the last trailer?
cannabis is presented in mission: "Kick The Hornet's Nest"
music (cf. above): "Skrillex feat. Damian Marley - Make it Bun Dem"
pop-cultural reference
Please, think about this game's target customer group.
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
Imperial Japanese Soldiers are represented as mummified corpses which can be found all over the two islands. They still wear their uniforms and some still carry letters.
The soldier's remains can often be encountered near or inside ruins of war devices. These ruins function as indicators of a historic past as well. Their function as inner-diegetic* references is highly limited. But they also reference outer-diegetic* contexts which are referring to a) an event to which memory is shared (and discussed) on a global scale - and to b) actual war ruins, of course.
*I may be repeating myself: Probably we should discuss this.
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
ruins function as indicators of a historic past as well
Imperial Japanese Soldiers represented as mummified corpses
The soldier's remains often encountered near or inside ruins of war devices
Please, notice the letters!
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
The Rakyat and their presentation as an ancient tribe works as an inner-diegetic* reference. Ritual places, ruins, and myths - although fictional - are social objects as they indicate a historical past of The Rakyat's society. It can be viewed as an outer-diegetic reference*,too, as they show a specific mode of commemoration: visiting and interpreting locations.
Imperial Japanese Soldiers are represented as mummified corpses which can be found all over the two islands. They still wear their uniforms and some still carry letters.
The soldier's remains can often be encountered near or inside ruins of war devices. These ruins function as indicators of a historic past as well. Their function as inner-diegetic* references is highly limited. But they also reference outer-diegetic* contexts which are referring to a) an event to which memory is shared (and discussed) on a global scale - and to b) actual war ruin, of course.
*We really should discuss this, too.
2.2. Single Player Campaign
2. Information on Far Cry 3
In Far Cry 3, ruins are used in at least two ways to constitute the impression of historicity.
The ruined war devices of the Imperial Japanese Army are mostly abandoned and represented as locations which do not primarily have the purpose to stimulate commemoration.
Regarding The Rakyat, they are presented as places that are still (or again) subject to historic interpretation through a certain group. This way it invites the user to assign specific values to The Rakyat, e.g. validity of their claim to rightfully reconquer the islands.
2. Information on Far Cry 3
2.3. Groups of NPCs
If everything went well, I will be able to move over to a short in-game presentation using Far Cry 3's Map Editor. I intent to show you the game from a productive perspective that resembles the perspectives assumed in Game Design and Production.
A Productive Perspective on Collective Identity in Far Cry 3:
2. Information on Far Cry 3
2.4. Optional Storylines
The War Letters:
- specific type of in-game object: Collectible Item
- total number: 20
- worth/Experience (in-game currency): 500XP
- collecting 5/20 letters unlocks a weapon
- contain a seperate story about the events that took place on the island during World War 2.
3. Intermediality
3.1. Concepts & Approaches
Ginette Verstraete:
Intermedialities: A Brief Survey of Conceptiual Key Issues
find this text on www.academia.edu
http://www.academia.edu/22430381/Introduction_Intermedialities_A_Brief_Survey_of_Conceptual_Key_Issues
3. Intermediality
3.1. Concepts & Approaches
"Intermediality" refers to the crossovers and interrelations taking place between the arts and the media. It also refers to the linkage within and between the various media that have intensified with the arrival of the digital (hyper)medium, insofar as the latter works through the interplay of words, images and sounds on but also through convergence of film, television, radio, news writing, e-books, photography, etcetera on the web. (p.7)
3. Intermediality
3.1. Concepts & Approaches
"Intermediality" refers to the crossovers and interrelations taking place between the arts and the media. It also refers to the linkage within and between the various media that have intensified with the arrival of the digital (hyper)medium, insofar as the latter works through the interplay of words, images and sounds on but also through convergence of film, television, radio, news writing, e-books, photography, etcetera on the web. (p.7)
3. Intermediality
3.1. Concepts & Approaches
Seven Approaches to the Discours on Intermediality:
1. "(...) [I]ntermediality as the interaction between, and within, media is made to critically re-evaluate the function of communication, entertainment, representation, mediation, meaning, expression... by the (singular) medium." (p.9)
3. Intermediality
Seven Approaches to the Discours on Intermediality:
1. "(...) [I]ntermediality as the interaction between, and within, media is made to critically re-evaluate the function of communication, entertainment, representation, mediation, meaning, expression... by the (singular) medium." (p.9)
2. Disciplinary perspectives differ in their "emphasis on what is important". (ibid.)
3. Intermediality
Seven Approaches to the Discours on Intermediality:
1. "(...) [I]ntermediality as the interaction between, and within, media is made to critically re-evaluate the function of communication, entertainment, representation, mediation, meaning, expression... by the (singular) medium." (p.9)
2. Disciplinary perspectives differ in their "emphasis on what is important". (ibid.)
3. "With the difference in discipline comes a different historiography." (ibid.)
3. Intermediality
1. "(...) [I]ntermediality as the interaction between, and within, media is made to critically re-evaluate the function of communication, entertainment, representation, mediation, meaning, expression... by the (singular) medium." (p.9)
2. Disciplinary perspectives differ in their "emphasis on what is important". (ibid.)
3. "With the difference in discipline comes a different historiography." (ibid.)
4. Verstraete suggests "to further investigate the national specificity of certain traditions or schools, of intermediality in relation to the global developements and crossovers that it mostly signifies." (p.10)
Seven Approaches to the Discours on Intermediality:
3. Intermediality
1. "(...) [I]ntermediality as the interaction between, and within, media is made to critically re-evaluate the function of communication, entertainment, representation, mediation, meaning, expression... by the (singular) medium." (p.9)
2. Disciplinary perspectives differ in their "emphasis on what is important". (ibid.)
3. "With the difference in discipline comes a different historiography." (ibid.)
4. Verstraete suggests "to further investigate the national specificity of certain traditions or schools, of intermediality in relation to the global developements and crossovers that it mostly signifies." (p.10)
Seven Approaches to the Discours on Intermediality:
5. Distinctions to be discerned between intermediality, multimediality, and transmediality. (cf.ibid.)
3. Intermediality
Seven Approaches to the Discours on Intermediality:
5. Distinctions to be discerned between intermediality, multimediality, and transmediality. (cf.ibid.)
Multimediality
Intermediality
Transmediality
co-existence of various media
translation of one medium into another
interrelation of various - distinctly recognized - arts and media within one object
narrow scope
3. Intermediality
1. "(...) [I]ntermediality as the interaction between, and within, media is made to critically re-evaluate the function of communication, entertainment, representation, mediation, meaning, expression... by the (singular) medium." (p.9)
2. Disciplinary perspectives differ in their "emphasis on what is important". (ibid.)
3. "With the difference in discipline comes a different historiography." (ibid.)
4. Verstraete suggests "to further investigate the national specificity of certain traditions or schools, of intermediality in relation to the global developements and crossovers that it mostly signifies." (p.10)
Seven Approaches to the Discours on Intermediality:
5. Distinctions to be discerned between intermediality, multimediality, and transmediality. (cf.ibid.)
6. Alternatively, differences between multi-, trans- and inter-mediality can be viewed as differences in the degrees and scales of intermediality. (cf.ibid.)
narrow scope
broad scope
3. Intermediality
1. "(...) [I]ntermediality as the interaction between, and within, media is made to critically re-evaluate the function of communication, entertainment, representation, mediation, meaning, expression... by the (singular) medium." (p.9)
2. Disciplinary perspectives differ in their "emphasis on what is important". (ibid.)
3. "With the difference in discipline comes a different historiography." (ibid.)
4. Verstraete suggests "to further investigate the national specificity of certain traditions or schools, of intermediality in relation to the global developements and crossovers that it mostly signifies." (p.10)
Seven Approaches to the Discours on Intermediality:
5. Distinctions to be discerned between intermediality, multimediality, and transmediality. (cf. ibid.)
6. Alternatively, differences between multi-, trans- and inter-mediality can be viewed as differences in the degrees and scales of intermediality. (cf.ibid.)
narrow scope
broad scope
7. "[G]iven the immense variations in the forms and cncepts ofintermediality described above, I prefer to speak of intermedialities, in the plural." (p.11)
3. Intermediality
3.2. Intermediality & Far Cry 3
narrow-scope approach:
Various media and arts are represented within Far Cry3:
- Media: radio & other audio, TV & other video, speech, letters
- Arts: painting (tattoo & wall paintings), music, play-acting
3. Intermediality
3.2. Intermediality & Far Cry 3
narrow-scope approach:
various media and arts are represented within Far Cry3:
broad-scope approach:
different degrees of intermedialities in Far Cry 3:
- representation of media & arts -- in-game mimicry
- production of animations, concept art, dialogues (text & recording), music score & foley, programming -- technical realisation of the game
- scripts, story-boards, schedules -- conceptualisation of content & production processes
- Media: radio & other audio, TV & other video, speech, letters
- Arts: painting (tattoo & wall paintings), music, play-acting
3. Intermediality
3.2. Intermediality & Far Cry 3
returning to the War Letters
-ways of representation are twofold:
- letters found near the corpses
- content of the letters are written from perspectives of different soldiers (and Hurk)
- writing content
- visual design
- implementation in game software: tagging letters as interactive items, repositing textual content, access in the game menu
technical realisation:
in-game mimcry:
conceptualisation:
- designing the plot, characters
- standardising the implementation (probably via game engine)
3. Intermediality
3.2. Intermediality & Far Cry 3
returning to the War Letters
Characters:
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Captain Jiro Sato
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Private Arata Hyogo
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Lance Corporal Mori
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Ren
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Major Kuro Mogi
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Tadao
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Shinji
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Dr. Koga Hayato
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Lieutenant Colonel Yamada Masahiro
returning to the War Letters
Example1 (12/20)-- Scientific Personnel WW2:
To Colonel Imada Daichi,
I hope your family is well. I apologize for stepping outside the chain of command, but I feel that Lieutenant Colonel Yamada Masahiro is not taking my worries seriously, and is thus unfit to continue commanding this facility and its experiments. I must report that Project Tenka and Project Kyouken would have progressed much further if the Lieutenant Colonel would just listen to me. Instead, he has cut me out of his inner circle of advisors and has forbid me from communicatingwith anyone. I have been forced to write multiple copies of my letters and give them to loyal soldiers and scientists in the hope that one reaches you. Please, I am a prisoner of the Lieutenant Colonel's ambitions and unable to serve the Emperor because of his medding.
Dr. Koga Hayato
"HAYATO'S FIRST LETTER"
returning to the War Letters
Example2 (8/20)-- Military Personnel WW2:
General Yamagata,
I am shocked and dismayed to report that what I had assumed was Private Tadao's incompetence is in fact sabotage. I was suspicious that none of the long-range radios were working, so I checked them. I am no expert in electronics, but even I could see that the tubes had been removed, the wires cut, and the battery missing.
I thought him weak, not a saboteur. He is too simple to be a spy. Regardless, he has betrayed his follow (sic!) soldiers, he has betrayed me, he has betrayed his oath to protect Japan, and he has betrayed the Imperial Family. I am going to execute Private Tadao, and if any of the men try to protect him, I will be forced to execute them as well.
Major Kuro Mogi
"MOGI'S FOURTH LETTER"
returning to the War Letters
Example3 (18/20) -- Civilian post-WW2:
To whoever reads this,
It's Hurk again. I ran out of space on that last piece of paper, so I was saying I needed to stop Gilbert before he started his rain (rein?)(sic!) of terror, right? Too late. He already started. Gilbert's got other monkeys following him like a pack, doing his bidding. It's like watching cheerleaders, man. You know the way cheerleaders move around in a pack, right, always following that one really hot chick with the blond hair, the tight ass, and the perfect tits? And it's like, every time theywalk past you, they move like they're in slow motion, aand they look at you like they don't even see you. Totally Lacy Barnstrom, right? She was the head cheerleader at my school, and I did shit her yearbook pictures that totally got the pages all fucked up. Shit, I'm out of space again.
Hurk
"HURK'S SECOND LETTER"
4. Documentality
4.1. Maurizio Ferraris' (et al) Concept
http://www.academia.edu/8901687/Documentality_A_Theory_of_Social_Reality
This presentation is intended to discuss Documentality through this text:
Maurizio Ferraris, Giuliona Torrengo:
Documentality: A Theory of Social Reality
I have yet to implement my discussion of this subject.
4. Documentality
4.2. Problematic Application on Far Cry 3
One problem lies in the definition of as a social object as a physical object documenting social interactions.
Another difficult question arises because Ferraris emphasises that collective or individual intentions and beliefs are disqualified as constituents of a social object.
Ferraris' concept of Documentality seems not to be oriented on the requirements that have to be met in order to decipher documents.*
This will be the place the discuss problems that arose when applying Documentality.
Is Far Cry 3 a social object according to Ferraris?
yes: What is its content and what does it document?
no: How else does Far Cry 3 relate to social reality?
*e.g. knowledge, meaning, symbolic thought, ...
5. Conclusion
How Does Narration Work in Far Cry 3?
5. Conclusion
The game's narrative properties are based on intermedialities.
How Does Narration Work in Far Cry 3?
5. Conclusion
The game's narrative properties are based on intermedialities.
How Does Narration Work in Far Cry 3?
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"interrelation of various - distinctly recognized - arts and media" (cf. above) within Far Cry 3
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presenting history: The Rakyat, their identity and their temple ruins
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representing history: ruins of war devices
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referencing hisory: letters written during World War 2
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5. Conclusion
The game's narrative properties are based on intermedialities.
How Does Narration Work in Far Cry 3?
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"interrelation of various - distinctly recognized - arts and media" (cf. above) within Far Cry 3
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presenting history: The Rakyat, their identity and their temple ruins
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representing history: ruins of war devices
- referencing hisory: letters written during World War 2
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- different degrees of intermedialities in Far Cry 3
- in-game mimicry
- technical realisation
- conceptualisation
5. Conclusion
The game's narrative properties are based on intermedialities.
How Does Narration Work in Far Cry 3?
-
"interrelation of various - distinctly recognized - arts and media" (cf. above) within Far Cry 3
-
presenting history: The Rakyat, their identity and their temple ruins
-
representing history: ruins of war devices
- referencing hisory: letters written during World War 2
-
- different degrees of intermedialities in Far Cry 3
- in-game mimicry
- technical realisation
- conceptualisation
As which kind of social object can Far Cry 3 be interpreted?
- Can Documentality provide answers?
5. Conclusion
Literature:
Maurizio Ferraris, Giuliona Torrengo:Documentality: A Theory of Social Reality. online:
http://www.academia.edu/8901687/Documentality_A_Theory_of_Social_Reality
Ginette Verstraete: Intermedialities: A Brief Survey of Conceptiual Key Issues. online:
http://www.academia.edu/22430381/Introduction_Intermedialities_A_Brief_Survey_of_Conceptual_Key_Issues
Youtube:
Ubisoft/Havok: Far Cry 3 - Official Game Trailer. online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rli2DXlrSaM
Noisia - Machine Gun ( 16 Bit Remix). online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rli2DXlrSaM
Skrillex feat. Damian Marley - Make it Bun Dem. online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7sgq6PxFXE
"Make it Bun Dem" - In-Game Context. online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyGgJrtc6tQ
Die Antwoord - I Fink U Freeky. online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4IH6BUvAr0
"I Fink U Freeky" - In-Game Context. online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vnx0jsDXgBY
Ubisoft/Havok: Far Cry 3 - Introduction to Dennis and Citra. online: https://youtu.be/m_KReqSjoXA
UGC: Far Cry 3: Letters of the Lost : Locations Guide. online: https://youtu.be/YU4MwP-bXdI
5. Conclusion
Wikis & other online resources:
Far Cry Wiki. online: http://farcry.wikia.com/wiki/Far_Cry_Wiki
Games Datebase: giantbomb.com. online: http://www.giantbomb.com/far-cry-3/3030-32933/
Games Datebase: spong.com. online: http://spong.com/game/11049176/Far-Cry-3-PS3
Games Datebase: vgcollect.com. online: http://vgcollect.com/item/16775
Games Datebase: igdb.com. online: https://www.igdb.com/games/far-cry-3
Games Datebase: mobygames.com. online: http://www.mobygames.com/game/far-cry-3
Games Datebase: thegamesdb.com. online: http://thegamesdb.net/game/11774/
Far Cry 3 | Historicity and Collective Identity
By kfreybe
Far Cry 3 | Historicity and Collective Identity
Document Status: Work In Progress
- 1,065