SImilar?

"same human rights online and offline"

publishers

+

"common carriers"

Different?

"online intermediaries need stronger protection"

"simplistic sovereignty can't extend online"

"too much speech to regulate effectively"

SIMILAR?

"what's lawful offline can't be made unlawful online"

"court orders!"

Different?

"technology makes censorship impossible"

"politicians & bureaucrats don't understand technology"

utopianism / libertarianism / anarchism

Categories

these "actor-act" categories trace part of the shift in:

"Traditional" vs. "Digital" Censorship

"Visible" vs. "Invisible" Censorship

importantly

censorship is not just silencing;

censorship is productive

price for censorship

death, jail, conformity

autonomy, dignity

but we fight back

literature, jokes,

resistance, subversion

Invisible Censorship

state-{compelled, aided, independent}

unaccountable private regulation

+

self-censorship

Invisible Censorship

we can't fight that which we cannot see

(related idea in surveillance:

Panopticon Paradox: what we don't know can't induce conformity)

State-Compelled Private Regulation

"Information Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines) Rules"

(source: World of Warcraft & Yahoo)

only way to study it is as a participant

Policy Sting

CIS's fake, fraudulent, frivolous, fun complaints

6 of 7 complied + no transparency + over-censorship

State-Independent Private Regulation

jurisprudential justification

contract + property rights

rhetoric

"innovation", "freedom"

not all speech regulation is harmful

(casteist / racist / sexist / ableist speech, etc.)

not all private censorship is bad

Haterz hate lolcats

Doges!!! such disgust, so crap