Labor, Manumission, &
the Struggle for Freedom:
The Enslaved People Owned and Sold by the Maryland Province Jesuits
Sharon M. Leon
@sharonmleon
Villanova University | March 18, 2019
all our married people who had married out of our farms, have been sold to the masters of their husbands or wifes, or to the next neighbors of them, so that husbands & wives are together, but some children who could not be sold with their mothers, have been sent with the others to Louisiana. There remain in our farms only few old people, well provided for their life times. So old Isaac remained at W. Marsh
Fidelis Grivel to Charles Lancaster, May 4, 1839
Old Isaac Remained
Isaac Hawkins Hall (Mulledy Hall)
Thomas Mulledy
The Hawkins Family
Jesuit Plantation Project
slaveryarchive.georgetown.edu
Working with the Data of Slavery
The Enslaved Group
- 1,132 individuals owned by the Jesuits (1717-1840)
- 598 individuals with birth years
- 48 enslaved people owned by others
- 34 free Blacks
Relationships in the Records
- 108 inferred partnerships (217 individuals; 1 remarriage)
- 13 sacramental marriages
- 393 identified parental relationship
- 87 baptisms
- 141 births
- 56 deaths indicated
- 26 deaths with specific date
[1802 Dr St. Thomas's Manor in acct with Cash]
[1803]
[Jan]
26 To cash from Henny for 3 barrels corn @ $2 6.00 2.5.0
April 22 To Cash recd for sale of negro Constant, property of N.L. Sewall's estate 101.10.0
[opposite folio 1802 Contra Cr.]
[1803]
[Jan]
10 By do to do (the Taylor C. Layman) for making a servant's great coat 0.12.6
April 22 By Do [cash] to Mrs. Dorothy Digges for negro woman Jenny & her child 85.0.0
Derived data
- Hand generated from document transcriptions
- Individuals and relationships processed to People with Unique ID, and then de-dupped
- Appearances processed to Events with participants
- Event types: birth, baptism, marriage, death, inventory, health, sale, legal, labor, commerce, conditions, travel, punishment, run away
- Imported to Omeka S to publish LOD
Linked Open Data
- Each entity has a unique resource identifier (URI)
- Those URIs are served over the web
- Descriptive data about those entities is served using standards
- Those standards make that data interoperable and promote aggregation and integration of material across the web
The Plantations
Estate | Total Enslaved | Workers | Indoors | Fields | Child/Elderly |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
St. Inigoe's Manor | 20 | 12 | 3 | 9 | 8 |
Newtown | 29 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 14 |
St. Thomas's Manor | 38 | 21 | 3 | 18 | 17 |
White Marsh | 65 | 29 | 3 | 26 | 36 |
St. Joseph's Manor | 7 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
St. Marie's Manor | 7 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
Bohemia Manor | 26 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 11 |
Total | 192 | 101 | 17 | 84 | 91 |
George Hunter's 1765 Survey
Labor: Compelled & Compensated
Agricultural Labor
January 1792
2. .... Cut out the Negroes Cloths, having got the cloth from the fuller only last Friday.....
N.B. Yesterday I engaged my overseer on a fixed yearly salary instead of a certain share of the crop, as he had hitherto been, according to the agreement with my predecessor.
3. (Tues.) Two hands
7. (Sat.) Hands cutting wood.
9. (Mond.) Two hands cutting wood; the others husking corn. [continues through month and February]
Robert Molyneux, SJ, Bohemia Manor
Agricultural Labor
March 1792....
7. (Wed.) Finished the coal house, & hauled poles to make a shoeing shed.
May 1792.....
31. (Thurs.) The Quarter boys had this day given them, to work at their patches.
June 1792....
4. (Mond.) Half the home hands had this day to work at their patches.
5. (Tues.) The rest of the home hands had this day to work at their patches.
Robert Molyneux, SJ, Bohemia Manor
Skilled Labor
- Carpenters
- Shoemakers
- Blacksmith
- Millers
- Cook
- Midwives
Wages for Additional Work
[May 1794]
29 By 1
June 7 By
16 By cash paid to Clement Wheeler for <strike>Lawyer's fee</strike> traveling <strike>3.0.0 <strike>
expenses against freedom of negros 1.2.6
July 5 By cash paid to Charles in full for his ditching 0.18.11
[Aug]
8 By Cash paid to Jerry, Dick & George for ditching & c in full 2.0.3 1/2
[Oct]
10 By cash
St. Thomas's Manor Account Book
The Misteries of Weaving
This agreement made between the Revd. Francis Neale of St. Thomas's Manor ..., and Mrs. Elizabeth Norris of Ceder Point neck..., showeth that he ... has engaged Mrs. Elizabeth Norris to execute all the weaving that is wanted for the Manor and to take under her
[c. 1820]
Labor: Motherwork & Family
Newtown Network
Freedom Status Transactions
Queens vs. Ashton
The Mahoney Brothers
Proceedings of the Corporation of Roman Catholic Clergymen
1. to dispose for a limited time of the greatest part of the blacks on the different plantations appertaining to the select body.
2. To proceed gradually and with due attention to law in the execution of this resolve and not to offer too many for sale at one time.
3. The Representatives of the district, with the managers of the different plantations, shall select the blacks to be disposed of in such proportions the number to be sold at any time and the term of years for which they are to be sold.
June 1814
What's Next?
- Everyday condition events
- Health and sickness events
- Labor events
- Interpretive narrative
Labor, Manumission and Struggle for Freedom : The Enslaved People Owned and Sold by the Maryland Province Jesuits
By sharonmleon
Labor, Manumission and Struggle for Freedom : The Enslaved People Owned and Sold by the Maryland Province Jesuits
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