WARS
WARS IN HISTORY
tughlaq DYNASTY
The Tughlaq dynasty (Persian: سلسلہ تغلق), often also called "Tughluq", was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic origin which established a Delhi sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1321 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
RULERS
| Titular Name | Personal Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Sultan Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah سلطان غیاث الدین تغلق شاہ |
Ghazi Malik غازی ملک |
1321–1325 | Founder of the Tughluq dynasty of Delhi. He came to the throne after defeating the usurper Khusro Khan in 1321 CE. He also founded the Delhi neighborhood of Tughluqabad. |
|
Sultan Muhammad Adil bin Tughluq Shah سلطان محمد عادل بن تغلق شاہ Ulugh Khan الغ خان Juna Khan جنا خان |
Malik Fakhr-ud-din ملک فخر الدین |
1325–1351 | He refused to accept the title of Emperor though he expanded his rule to the peninsula. He doubled the exchequer and constantly shifted the capital back and forth from Delhi to Daulatabad. He crushed rebellions in Multan & Sindh. The Mongols of Chagatai Khanate under Tarmashirin, a brother of Qutlugh Khwaja invaded India but were defeated by the Sultan at the Battle ofKalanaur in 1329 C.E. He levied heavy taxes on the Ganges and YamunaDoab region to the point that Delhi began to be deserted. This state of affairs also led to a diminution of the public funds. Among other sources of loss to the treasury was the introduction of copper coins which were placed on an equal footing with the silver coins. However, very few people exchanged their gold or silver coins for the new copper ones. Moreover, the tokens were easy to forge, which led to heavy losses, as the Sultan subsequently withdrew the forged currency by exchanging it for bullion coins. Around 1332-33 C.E. Ibn Battuta arrived in India & was appointed as Qadi but on some suspicion later, was appointed as ambassador to China. In 1337 C.E. an expedition to Himachal Pradesh was defeated by the natives. He also began to lose control over Bengal in Sonargaon, Lakhnauti and Satgaon. In 1341 C.E. in Deccan a certain Hasan Gangu rebelled. In 1347 C.E. a faction known as Amirs of Hundreds rebelled in Gujarat and Daulatabad but were defeated after a bloody battle. But taking advantage of the situation Hasan Gangu invaded Daulatabad and established the Bahamani Sultanate while the Sultan was quelling a new rebellion in Gujarat hence losing Deccan. By the end of his reign, state institutions and infrastructure were falling apart with disaffection and rebellion, mischief and sedition increasing day by day. He died during an expedition in Sindh. |
|
Sultan Feroze Shah Tughluq سلطان فیروز شاہ تغلق |
Malik Feroze ibn Malik Rajab ملک فیروز ابن ملک رجب |
1351–1388 | Feroze Shah succeeded his cousin Muhammad bin Tughluq. He establishedFerozabad neighborhood of Delhi with a fort known as Feroz Shah Kotla. He brought order to his army by removing Mughals from it. He managed state affairs well and brought some stability to the kingdom. He invaded the newly founded Ilyas Shahi Sultanate of Bengal in 1353 C.E. but after a protracted war formed a peace treaty with Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah & retraced his steps. This new friendship with Bengal would improve the Sultanate's economy immensely. He founded the city of Hissar-Feroza in 1354 C.E. In 1358 C.E. Mongols invaded India and reached Dipalpur but were repelled. He built the city of Ferozepur on the banks of Sutlej river. He also built a fort of the same name in Sirhind. He besieged Nagarkot inHimachal Pradesh and defeated the raja who surrendered. In reverence to his predecessor he renamed the city to Muhammadabad. During the Sultan's time was written the Dalail-e-Ferozi by Izz-ud-Din Khalid Khani. During this time were also written works on music, poetry and the art of dancing. In 1370 C.E. he twice invaded Thatta. After the rebellion of his vizier Juna Khan Khan Jahan in 1387 who was defeated by the heir apparentMuhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah, the Sultan appointed his son as the vizier, but after mismanaging state affairs the nobles revolted against the heir apparent and asked the Sultan to pick his grandson Tughluq Khan ibn Fateh Khan as vizier and heir apparent thereby losing all powers. |
|
Sultan Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah سلطان غیاث الدین تغلق شاہ |
Tughluq Khan ibn Fateh Khan ibn Feroze Shah تغلق خان ابن فتح خان ابن فیروز شاہ |
1388–1389 | He ascended the throne in 1388 C.E. assuming the title of Ghiyath-ud-din. But succession crisis started almost immediately with Muhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah staking his claim with the support of his brother Fateh Khan’s grandson Abu Bakr Khan. Ghiyath-ud-din dispatched troops against his uncle towards the foot of the hills of Sirmur. Muhammad Shah after a brief battle took shelter in the fort of Nagarkot, and Ghiyath-ud-din’s army returned to Delhi without pursuing him any further due to the difficulties of the venture & terrain. Eventually though some Amirs joined Abu Bakr Khan son of Zafar Khan (brother of Ghiyath-ud-din II) and grandson of Fateh Khan, and great grandson of Feroze Shah and plotted to assassinate Ghiyath-ud-din. In 1389 they surrounded the Sultan and Khan Jahan, his vizier and, put them to death and hung up their heads over the gate of the city; the duration of the reign of Ghiyath-ud-din, was five months and eighteen days. |
|
Sultan Abu Bakr Shah سلطان ابو بکر شاہ |
Abu Bakr Khan ibn Zafar Khan ibn Fateh Khan ibn Feroze Shah ابو بکر خان ابن ظفر خان ابن فتح خان ابن فیروز شاہ |
1389–1390 | |
|
Sultan Muhammad Shah سلطان محمد شاہ |
Muhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah محمد شاہ ابن فیروز شاہ |
1390–1394 | |
|
Sultan Ala-ud-din Sikandar Shah سلطان علاءالدین سکندر شاہ |
Humayun Khan ھمایوں خان |
1394 | Humayun Khan, the son of Muhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah ascended the imperial throne in virtue of his being heir apparent, as Ala-ud-din Sikandar Shah on February 1, 1394 C.E. But after one month and sixteen days he died of natural causes. |
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