Medieval Europe           

11th to 14th Century                           

Unit 3

Economy

Revival in Trade

Society

People moved to cities

Nobility lost power

Monarchs gained power

a time of growth and change

High Middle Ages

Culture

Built Cathedrals

First Universities

12th and 13th Century

Improvements in

Agricultural Tools and Techniques

Revival

of Trade

Changes in Social structure

and

this led to

European cities grew and became 

more properous in 12th Century

WHY?????

Improvements Agricultural Techniques

More food

       = more people

Better methods - Three Year Rotation

Better tools = more production, less work

Roman plough - 10th Century

Which was more efficient??????

Better Tools

Did the work for 40 people

Windmills and Watermills

More efficient irrigation and new crops

Improvements in Agriculture

Better tools and techniques = More food

Less famine = healthier population

More food = Less famine

Healthier population = Less deaths, more births

Population grew from 42 million to 73 million in 300 hundred years

Trade and Banking

TRADE ROUTES

Increase in Trade

so

Why????

people left fiefs

moved to cities

to work

demand for products = more artisans

Important Trade Routes

Mediterranean route

Joined

SPANISH and ITALIAN cities

to

ISLAMIC and BYZANTINE ports

Atlantic and Baltic route

Joined

PORTUGUESE and CANTABRIAN

with

FLEMISH, GERMAN and RUSSIAN ports

Important Trade Routes

What was traded?

From the West to East

• wool/leather

• grains(wheat,oats)/salt/wine

• wood

• weapons/iron

From the East to West

• spices/perfume

• honey

• porcelain

• cotton/cloth/furs/silk

• rugs

• dyes

Merchants met at TRADE FAIRS to sell and buy products

 HANSEATIC LEAGUE controlled

the BALTIC ROUTE

Creation of Banking

Gave credit

and

Bills of exchange

Made buying and selling easier

Cities were located

near the coast

Bruges, Low Countries

on an

important river

or

Genoa, Italy

Medieval Cities

Old cities expanded and

new cities were started

Medieval cities

WHY??

• growth in population, less work in countryside

• a better better life because people could work and move freely

• Merchants wanted the protection of the walled cities

The growth of cities ...

King /

Pope

Clergy / Nobility

Rich artisans, merchants

and bankers

Merchants, craftsmen,

shopkeepers, 

house servants and  students

Peasants (no work) begged or stole

New classes that appeared during the 12th Century

Bourgeoisie

 New social structure

Urban Society 

Christians - majority

Who lived in the cities

Muslims -usually craftsmen

only found in Iberian Peninsula

lived in separately outside

city walls.

Jews - usually merchants, bankers

lived in together in separate parts of cities called 'ghettoes'

In Spain lived in JUDERIAS

City charters

Cities centre for

RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL and ECONOMIC activity

Kings gave cities a

CHARTER or FUEROS

• self-government (freedom from feudal lords)
  • rights
  • privileges

Surrounded by high walls

Medieval Cities

Gate/door

closed at night

Walls the protected the city

CITY HALL

COVERED MARKET

CATHEDRALS

Narrow streets, crowded, dirty and unhealthy

Market square - farmers and merchants sold products

                                                         and festivals / executions

Cities were

dirty, crowded

and unsafe.

ARTISANS

and

GUILDS

Different craftsmen

Ironsmith

Dyer

Hatmaker

Goldsmith

The role of a Craftsmen

made  OBJECTS   from

METAL        WOOD       CERAMIC

 LEATHER               COTTON

Became important

because

society changed  from

tools

 weapons

furniture

 a self-sufficient society (rural)

a commercial society (urban)

to

clothes   

shoes

How to become a CRAFTSMAN

1) AN APPRENTICE

Young teenaged boy learned the trade

Didn't earn wages

Lived and worked

in a Master Craftsman's

Workshop

next

2) JOURNEYMAN

Skilled artisan worked for master craftsmen

Recieved wages

Could move from workshop to workshop

MASTER CRAFTSMAN

How to become a 

Journeyman

completed and presented

a MASTERPIECE

to the

GUILD

GUILD

decided and named him

MASTER CRAFTSMAN

Master craftsman

owned

the workshop

and

lived there

and

his goods

were sold there

MASTER CRAFTSMEN

owned

the workshop, tools and raw materials

where

lived and worked

In the workshop

apprentices lived / learned

and

journeymen worked

Let´s watch the video

and answer these questions...

What was a guild?

What benefits did craftsman have

when they belonged to a guild?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnQlHeee9Dw&feature=share&list=PL924AC0143DD06D38&index=38

An association or group of artisans.

All artisans had to belong to a guild to practise a trade

• wages earned
• how many hours artisans worked
• working conditions
• prices of goods and raw materials

Controlled

What was a guild?

• Limited competition
• Provided loans
• Trained new trade members
• Helped families whose father had died

Benefits

12th Century Renaissance

Architecture / Art

Explosion of public buildings

Cathedral, churches, market place

and city hall

Architecture / Art

Palaces decorated

built by weathly nobles and merchants

12th Century Renaissance

Paintings and sculptures

were commissioned by private people

12th Century Renaissance

Education

Cathedral schools 

controlled by the bishop

Municipal schools

to educate weathly people living

in cities

https://www.topuniversities.com/blog/10-oldest-universities-world

Rise of the Monarchy

Economic

Political

Collected more taxes from cities

Created private armies

Less dependence on nobility

Restored Roman laws

Educated court officials helped the king govern

Created a Parliment that only represented richest people and clergy

City charters

Gave cities charters/fueros

= privileges and autonomy

In exchange for

economic support = taxes

Rise of the Monarch

Late Middle Ages 

Agriculture

Economic - Social Tensions

bad weather, lost crops

unfertile soil

famine

Peasants forced to fight in wars

  rebelled

City dwellers forced to pay high taxes

  rioted

Time of Crisis

1350-1400's

Demographic

Black Plague

killed 1/3 of the population

Black Death 1347 - 1351

What were the symptoms of the Black Plague?

Explain where it came from and why it killed so many people

How many people died?