Hispanic Christian Kingdoms

CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

Started here

8th and 9th

Century

Kingdom of Asturias / León

Located in the mountains of the Cantabria

Appeared in the beginning of the 8th Century

In 722AD

the Visigoth king – PELAYO

defeated

the Umayyad Muslims

in the

BATTLE OF COVADONGA

which

established

the Christian Kingdoms

in the Cantabrian mountains

His court was in Oviedo

Expanded his kingdom

to west to Galicia and east to Álava

In 866-910 Alfonso III

expanded territories

included Burgos and Zamora

9th Century

Internal conflict in the Emirate of Córdoba

10th Century

In 910 Garcia (the son of Alfonso III )

     became king

 Moved the capital

       to León

  created the

Kingdom of León

During this time

fought against

Abd al-Rahman III

and al-Mansur

Originally the

SPANISH MARCH

In the 9th Century

Carolingian Empire

began to dissolve

9th Century

The Pyrenean Region

Three new regions formed

KINGDOM OF PAMPLONA/NAVARRA

 ARAGONESE COUNTIES

and

CATALAN COUNTIES

Kingdom of Pamplona

Early 9th Century

he became the first

KING OF PAMPLONA

Aragonese Counties

9th Century

Count Aznar Galíndez  in 820

Separated the Aragonese Counties

from the Carolingian Empire

counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza

Catalan Counties

In 10th Century

Catalan Counties gained independence

from Carolingian Empire 

United and ruled the Catalan counties,

 but it was a Vassal of Carolingian Empire

Maintained good relations with

Caliphate of Córdoba

In 874

WILFRED THE HAIRY

Counties of Castile

Many small fiefs/counties with castles,

separated Muslim territory from Kingdom of León

Often protecting the Kingdom of León

from Muslim attacks 

Muslim territories

10th and 11th Centuries

In 930 the King of León - Ramiro II

 united the counties of Castile under

Fernán González

Fernán González helped Ramiro II

defeat Abd al Rahman II

Then, he unified and ruled

the Castilian  counties

Later, he rebelled against the King of León

          won independence from the Crown of León.

The Kingdom of León

weaken as

the counties of Castile

got stronger.

In 1037

Ferdinand I

united

Kingdom of León

with

counties of Castile

After Al Mansur died,

 Al Andalus divided into

TAIFAS

that were divided, weak, 

and paid PARIAS

to Christian kings

In 1085

Alfonso VI (Fernando I's son)

conquered TOLEDO

and TAJO VALLEY

TOLEDO

was an important TAIFA.

Christain kingdoms

controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula

After the Battle of

Las Navas de Tolosa

most of Al Andalus  was conquered by the Christians kingdoms

13th Century

In 1230 Fernando III united

the Castile and León

Formed

the CROWN OF CASTILE

Kingdom of Pamplona / Navarra

In 10th Century      JIMENA DYNASTY ruled 

Sancho III expanded the kingdom to the counties of ARAGON, CASTILE and part of LEÓN.

Sancho III the Great (el Mayor)

began the Jimena dynasty

 Ruled the most important

Christain kingdom

on the Iberian Peninsula

from 1000 to 1035

Territories included during the reign of

Sancho III the Great (el Mayor)

After Sancho III died, the kingdom divided

and was given to his sons

Fernando I,

inherited Castile

11th Century

Ramiro I inherited

Aragon

Gonzalo inherited

Sobrarbe and Ribagorza

Sancho VII the Strong (el fuerte)

Last king

of the 

Jimena Dynasty

had

no descendents

In 1512

the Kingdom of Navarra

was conquered by

the Fernando the Catholic

of Aragon

10th-11th Century Kingdom of Aragon

became the 

first king of Aragon

Ramiro I

(1035-1062)

Sancho III's son

(king of Navarra)

Kingdom of Aragon

expanded its territory

11th - 12th Century

In 12th Century

After

Petronilla of Aragón

married

the count of Barcelona,

Ramón Berenguer IV.

Catalan Counties

were united with

the counties of Aragon
and became the

CROWN OF ARAGÓN

12th Century

Kingdom of Aragon grew

In 1150 

The Kingdom of Aragon

began when

Alfonso I the Battler

began to conquer

new lands.

In 12th Century

Alfonso I the Battler conquered

• Zaragoza (important Muslim city) 

and other lands in the Ebro Valley

Also included counties of Catalan and important ports such as

• Barcelona        Taragona           Tortosa

James I the Conqueror

included Valencia, Alicante, Murcia

and the Balearic Island

EXPANSION OF THE CROWN OF ARAGON     http://explorethemed.com/AragonMed.asp?c=1

Peter the Great

conquered

Sicily, Sardinia

and Naples.

In the 13th Century

Three kingdoms fought together

Alfonso VIII (Castile),

Peter the Great (Aragon)

 Sancho VII (Navarra)

plus Portuguese troops

and Knights Calatrava

In 1212

Christian kings

defeated Almohads

in the battle of

LAS NAVAS DE TOLOSA

in JAEN

12th and 13th Centuries

River Valley by River Valley

RECONQUIST

equals

REPOPULATION

The Duero Valley

In 9th and 10th Century

Unpopulated lands

Repopulation by peasants

      Given privileges and land

In 11th and 12th Century

Taifas were easy to defeat 

Kingdom of Aragon conquered Ebro Valley

Kingdom of Castile conquered Tajo Valley

Noblity who fought

with kings

were given large estates/cortijos

Knights of the Templars

receieved land for their help

and

Created feudal estates

The Guadalquivir Valley, Levante and Balearic

In 13th Century

In 1212 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa 

After this battle

Christian kingdoms

defeated Almohads

And

conquered most of Al Andalus

In 1492

Ferdinand II of Aragon

and

Isabel I of Castile

conquered

Kingdom of Nasrid/Granada