Danna's Lesson

Past perfect/Gerunds & Infinitves/Reported speech

Past Perfect

• Refers to a time earlier than before now.
• To make clear that one event happened before another in the past.
• Event A is the event that happened first and Event B is the second or more recent event.

STRUCTURE

Ex. The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

I had watched the movie before I read the book.

I had saved my document before the computer crashed.

He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

Sheila hadn't teached German before, and she was nervous.

Gerunds

We use GERUNDS:

• As the subject of a sentence.
• After prepositions (in, on, at).
• After verbs of liking and disliking (enjoy, love, like, dislike, hate, don't mind, can't stand).
• Verb go + physical activity (go swimming).

Besides cooking, he spends time painting and relaxing.

Reading books entertains her.

Watching movies is one of her favorite hobbies.

He goes running every day after work.

Infinitives

We use INFINITIVES:

• To explain why somebody does something.
• Immediatey after adjectives (good, bad, beautiful).
• After certain verbs (want, learn, agree, decide, expect, hope, seem, try, would like).

I’m happy to be here.

Mom left to buy milk.

I want to work for the government.

I'm really tired. I'm ready to go to bed.

Reported speech

Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said.

Backshift: to report we use a tense which is further back that the tense that is originally used.

I travel a lot in my job.

RS: Juan said that she travelled a lot in her job.

The baby's sleeping!

RS: He told me the baby was sleeping.

I've hurt my leg.

RS: He said He'd hurt her leg.

We lived in China for five years.

RS: She told me they'd lived in China for five years.

asked - preguntar

told - contar

said - decir

She HAD WON