Basics of GIS
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Phil White
Earth Sciences & Environment Librarian
Workshop Agenda:
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What are we doing here?
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What is GIS & what can I do with it?
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Data, Analysis, Viz, points between
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Hands on time
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Wrap up
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
GIS Basics
Download Workshop Data!
libguides.colorado.edu/GIS
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What is GIS?
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
GIS is a tool for storing, organizing, manipulating, analyzing, and visualizing data.
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Not just any data...
Spatial Data!
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
5 Things:
Points
Lines
Polygons
Cells
Associated Attributes
GIS Basics
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Cells (AKA Raster Data)
GIS Basics
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More than just cells...
Attributes!
DEM
(Digital Elevation Model)
White Cell = 2402.89 m
Black Cell = 1735.06 m
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Raster Formats
- Usually geoTIFF
- Also ArcGRID, jpeg2000
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Points, Lines, Polygons (AKA Vector Data)
GIS Basics
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GIS Basics
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GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Attributes
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Vector Formats:
- Usually shapefile (.shp)
Also:
- Geodatabase (.gdb)
- kml/kmz
- Spatialite (SQL)
- GeoJson
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
When adding data to a GIS, we often refer to them as "layers."
GIS Basics
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Putting stuff on a map is more complicated than it seems.
GIS Basics
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GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Because Earth's shape is irregular and changing, assigning locations is imperfect.
We use imaginary reference systems to approximate.
We tend to call this a "datum."
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
GIS Basics
Common Datums: NAD83, WGS84
In GIS, we often use the term
"datum,"
"coordinate reference system,"
and
"geographic coordinate system" interchangeably
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Latitude
Longitude
X
Y
GIS Basics
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GIS data usually has a coordinate system built right into it.
GIS software will take that information and place your data at the right spot automatically...
...usually.
GIS Basics
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Projections
GIS Basics
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Distortion...
...is inherent to map projections.
Shape, Area, Distance, & Direction
GIS Basics
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Mercator
Good for direction
Bad for Shape
(Hello Greenland!)
GIS Basics
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Gall-Peters
GIS Basics
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Scale
Large Scale
Small Scale
1:75,000,000
1:25,000
GIS Basics
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Enough blathering!
How do I use GIS?
GIS Basics
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Take some data....
...do some stuff to it...
...communicate new info.
GIS Basics
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Stuff we do:
Symbolize
Aggregate
Interpolate
Overlay
Measure
GIS Basics
Geocode
Georeference
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Symbolization
GIS Basics
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GIS Basics
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GIS Basics
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Those are called "Choropleth Maps."
GIS Basics
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GIS Basics
Overlay
Jordan Wirfs-Brock
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
GIS Basics
Overlay
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
GIS Basics
Aggregate
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
GIS Basics
Interpolate
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GIS Basics
Measuring
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GIS Basics
Georeference
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GIS Basics
Geocoding
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GIS Basics
Now, seriously! Enough blathering!
Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
Intro to ArcMap
Resources available to you:
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libguides.colorado.edu/GIS
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ArcGIS Online
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Esri software via CU site license
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Esri Training Catalog
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More workshops
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Esri student licenses
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Coursework in Geography, Geological Sciences
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GIS Basics
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Center for Research Data & Digital Scholarship
CRDDS Basics of GIS
By Philip White
CRDDS Basics of GIS
A very basic into to GIS
