Al - Andalus

Let's watch how Al-Andalus started

Islam Empire

After Muhammad died (632)

Islamic Empire expanded

with HOLY WARS called JIHAD

Conquered territories

were called

CALIPHATES

Ruled by a different

family/dynasty

the political and religious ruler

was called a CALIPH

Title Text

Expansion of Islamic Empire

8th Century

Visigoths kingdoms were divided

Visigoth Kingdoms

were constantly fighting

King Roderic

Witiza Family

Witiza family asked

Musa (Berber governor)

and

his general

Tariq ibn Ziya

for help

Continued fighting with other

Visigothic kings

Musa and Tariq defeated Roderic

in the

Battle of Guadalete.

...except for

Christian Kingdoms

in North

In four years,

the Berber tribes

occupied

most of the

Iberian Peninsula...

Battle of Poitiers

Charles Martel

AL-ANDALUS

Muslims continued north into the Frankish Kingdom

Charles Martel (the Hammer) stopped them

in the BATTLE OF POITIERS

Text

AL-ANDALUS

Emirate of Al-Andalus (province)

was dependent on

Omeya/Umayyad

CALIPHATE OF DAMASCUS

The capital was

Córdoba

714-750

Independent Emirate 756- 929CE

Abbassids killed most of the Ummayad family

and moved the capital to Baghdad

Al Andalus became independent politically

but recognised the religious authority

of Caliph (king) in Bagdad

Abd-al-Rahman I

escaped to Al Andalus

Took power

Became EMIR (governor)

of CÓRDOBA

The Caliphate of Córdoba

929-1031

The Jewel of Europe

929-976

Abd-al- Rahman III

stopped internal revolts

united the Muslims

He claimed himself the CALIPH

Caliphate of Córdoba

Fighting between

Christians and Muslims

Abd-al- Rahman III

ruled Al-Andalus with

a Hayib = prime minister

Viziers = ministers

represented the provinces

Walis = governors

who controlled the provinces

CÓRDOBA

the most important city

in

Medieval Europe

formed by

ARABs

From Saudi Arabia
Minority
Had best land
- and political power

Society in Al-Andalus

BERBERs

From North Africa
Less privileges than Arabs
Often rebelled

Muladies

Christians accepted the Islam language, traditions and religion
didn't pay taxes

Mozarabes

Christians lived with Muslims but didn't adopt their religion
often moved to the Northern Christian kingdoms
paid taxes to Muslims

Mozarabes

Christians lived with Muslims but didn't adopt their religion
often moved to the Northern Christian kingdoms
paid taxes to Muslims

Minority
Lived separately from Christians and Muslims
Usually bankersand merchants

JEWS

GIANT MARKETPLACE

Most populous city in the medieval world

Products from different parts of the world

New Irrigation Methods

1)Agriculture

ECONOMY

New Crops

ALCACHOFAS

2) Craftwork

Cultural Centre

Philosophers,

Musicians and Poets

Doctors

Astronomers

Exported - craftwork

Imported - gold and slaves (from Africa)

3) Trade

MUSLIM CITIES

In 976, Hisham II, eleven years old,

became Caliph

He attacked (razzias) and devastated

the Christian Kingdoms

in the North

Al Mansur (a general)

ruled the government

Hisham II's name

Slow decline of Al Andalus

In 1031

Caliphate of Córdoba

divided into TAIFAS

or small kingdoms

Death of Al Mansur in 1002CE

Muslims paid the Christians

Parias

some

Muslim kingdoms

became

VASSALS

to the

Christian kings

to stop their attacks

Almoravids and Almohads

Berber tribes from the

North of Africa

Went to Iberian Peninsula

to help Muslims

fight against

the constant attacks from the

Christian kingdoms

Almoravids

stopped the Christian advances
reunited Al Andalus

fought against Christian armies
controlled part Al-Andalus

Almohads

11th century

12th Century

Christians united and defeated the Almohads at the Battle of las Navas de Tolosa in 1212

Reconquest

DECLINE OF AL-ANDALUS