Let's watch how Al-Andalus started

Title Text

Expansion of Islamic Empire

Visigoth Kingdoms were constantly fighting

King Roderic

Witiza Family

Witiza family asked

​Musa

 (a Muslim ruler in the Northern Africa)

and

Tariq ibn Ziya

(a general)

for help to fight

against King Roderic

vs

They continued fighting with other Visigothic kingdoms

until they had.....

Musa and Tariq defeated Roderic

 in the

Battle of Guadalete.

...except for

Christian Kingdoms

in North

... occupied

most of the

Iberian Peninsula

in four years

AL-ANDALUS

     Emirate of Al-Andalus

was dependent on

Omeya Caliphate

of Damascus

The capital was

Córdoba

714-756 CE

Independent Emirate 756- 929CE

Abbassids killed most of the Omeya dynasty 

and moved the capital to Baghdad 

Al Andalus became independent politically

but recognised the religious authority

of Caliph (king) in Bagdad

Abd-al-Rahman I

(Omeya prince)

escaped to Al Andalus

Became

Independent EMIR

Abd-al- Rahman III

became

 CALIPH

of the

Caliphate of Córdoba

 In 919-976

Fighting between Christians and Muslims

He stopped internal revolts and united the Muslims

Caliph of Córdoba

ruled Al-Andalus with

Hayib = prime minister

Viziers = ministers

represented the provinces

Walis = governors

who controlled the provinces

Al Hakam II

(Abd al-Rahman's son)

Cordoba

became

one of the most

advanced cities

Europe

CÓRDOBA         

In 976, Al Mansur (a general)

He attacked (razzias)

and devastated

the

Christian Kingdoms

in the North

Ruled

the government

Slow decline of Al Andalus

1031

1100

1200

1300

In 1031

Caliphate of Córdoba

divided into TAIFAS

or small kingdoms

Muslims paid the Christians

Parias

some

 Muslim kingdoms

became

VASSALS

to the

Christian kings

to stop their attacks

When Christian kingdoms conquered TOLEDO ...

Muslims asked the Berbers

for help...

(1031-1086)

Almoravids 

Berber tribes from the

North of Africa

Went to Iberian Peninsula

to help Muslims fight against

the constant attacks

 from the

Christian kingdoms

Almohads

in 1086

in 1146

Almoravids

in 1086

• practise strict version of Islam

• conquered territories

• became unpopular with the people

• taifas fragmented, became smaller

• Christian kingdoms united and fought together

• The Christian kingdoms won the  Battle of Navas of Tolosa in 1212

• Christian kingdoms conquered the Iberian Peninsula                       except for....

Almohads

in 1146

came in 1146

The Nazari Kingdom of Granada

  from 1246 to 1492

Last surviving Muslim territory

Nazari Kingdom of Granada

from 1246 to 1492

Nazari kingdom 

a VASSAL of Kingdom of Castile

paid parias

Internal conflicts weakened the kingdom

formed  by

ARABs

• From Middle East
• Rich
• Had best land
• Political power                                                     

Society in Al-Andalus

BERBERs

• From North Africa
• Less land and wealth than Arabs
• Often rebelled

Muladies

• Christians accepted the Islam language, traditions and religion
• Became new Muslims

Mozarabes

• Christians lived with Muslims but didn't adopt their religion
• often moved to the Northern Christian  kingdoms
• paid taxes to Muslims

• Minority
• Lived separately from Christians and Muslims
• Usually merchants, artisans and scholars

JEWS

Cultural Centre

Philosophers,

Musicians and Poets

Doctors

Astronomers

New Irrigation Methods

Agriculture

Prosperous Economy

Grains, grapes and olives

New Irrigation Methods

Craftwork

Artisans organised in SOUKS

similiar to guilds

worked in WORKSHOPS

Alhondigas

Buildings

to keep products

and

Merchants stayed

when they travelled

to different cities

Exported - craftwork

Imported - gold and slaves (from Africa)

Trade

COINS

dinar - gold

dirham silver

MUSLIM CITIES

MUSLIM CITIES

Christians united and defeated the Almohads at the Battle of las Navas de Tolosa in 1212