奇怪的程式語言

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目錄

圖靈焦油坑 (?

Turing Tarpit

「圖靈焦油坑是指功能過於靈活而難以學習和使用的程序設計語言或計算機接口」—維基百科

圖靈焦油坑

「圖靈焦油坑是指功能過於靈活而難以學習和使用的程序設計語言或計算機接口」—維基百科

圖靈焦油坑

要了解什麼試圖靈焦油坑

首先我們要知道圖靈完備是什麼

有一條無限長的紙帶

上面有一格一格的空間可以放入字母表內的字符/無

圖靈完備

有一個指針可以讀寫

有一個狀態暫存器可以紀錄狀態

圖靈完備

狀態 1

你可以寫出一個規則表 表格格式如下

圖靈完備

狀態 1

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

並且給紙帶起始狀態

圖靈完備

狀態 1

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

讓我們執行看看

圖靈完備

狀態 1

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

讓我們執行看看

圖靈完備

狀態 1

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

讓我們執行看看

圖靈完備

狀態 1

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

讓我們執行看看

圖靈完備

狀態 2

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

讓我們執行看看

圖靈完備

狀態 2

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

讓我們執行看看

圖靈完備

狀態 2

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

0

0

0

1

1

讓我們執行看看

圖靈完備

狀態 2

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

0

0

0

1

0

讓我們執行看看

圖靈完備

狀態 2

狀態 讀取 移動 修改 更新
狀態 1 0 / 1 R / N N / N N / 2
狀態 2 0 / 1 R / R D / 0 N / N

0

0

0

0

0

0

這樣的一個裝置就稱作「圖靈機」

他能夠處理任何的數學邏輯處理

圖靈完備

圖靈完備

而一個語言若是可以辦到圖靈機的功能

那麼就稱他為圖靈完備

 

也就是可以處理任何數學邏輯處理的語言
同時也代表他是程式語言

 

※所以 HTML 不是程式語言 他只是標記語言

圖靈焦油坑

回到我們的主題

圖靈焦油坑指的便是圖靈完備但是

也僅止於圖靈完備的東東

而這東西當然也包含程式語言囉~

圖靈焦油坑

回到我們的主題

圖靈焦油坑指的便是圖靈完備但是

也僅止於圖靈完備的東東

而這東西當然也包含程式語言囉~

順帶一提上周的生命遊戲就是圖靈完備

深奧的程式語言

Esoteric Programming Language

Esolang

Esoteric Programming Language
簡寫為 Esolang

 

也就是深奧的程式語言

Esolang

他可能被開發於測試一些電腦運算

或是挑戰各種最OOO的程式語言

也可能單純開發好玩的

總之這些大概都不會在正常的應用程式上被使用

最小的程式語言

Brainfuck

Brainfuck

在 brainfuck 中僅有8種字元

且編譯器僅需240個位元組

比你隨便一張圖片都還小

Brainfuck

> 指標往右一格
< 指標往左一格
+ 當前格子數值+1
- 當前格子數值-1
. 輸出當前格子內容
, 往當前格子寫入內容
[ 若當前格子為0，跳到下一個 "]"
] 若當前格子非0，跳到上一個 "["
> 指標往右一格
< 指標往左一格
+ 當前格子數值+1
- 當前格子數值-1
. 輸出當前格子內容
, 往當前格子寫入內容
[ 若當前格子為0，跳到下一個 "]"
] 若當前格子非0，跳到上一個 "["

有沒有覺得有點眼熟

> 指標往右一格
< 指標往左一格
+ 當前格子數值+1
- 當前格子數值-1
. 輸出當前格子內容
, 往當前格子寫入內容
[ 若當前格子為0，跳到下一個 "]"
] 若當前格子非0，跳到上一個 "["

有沒有覺得有點眼熟

既然生為最小的圖靈機實現

那當然非常貼近圖靈機的邏輯

> 指標往右一格
< 指標往左一格
+ 當前格子數值+1
- 當前格子數值-1
. 輸出當前格子內容
, 往當前格子寫入內容
[ 若當前格子為0，跳到下一個 "]"
] 若當前格子非0，跳到上一個 "["

但同時的也非常難被使用

舉個🌰

這是輸出 Hello World! （非常確信

++++++++++[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>++.>+.+++++++..+++.>++.<<+++++++++++++++.
>.+++.------.--------.>+.>.

讓我們一一解析

++++++++++[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>++.>+.+++++++..+++.>++.<<+++++++++++++++.
>.+++.------.--------.>+.>.
++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.
++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

10

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

10

7

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

10

7

10

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

10

7

10

3

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

10

7

10

3

1

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

9

7

10

3

1

可以發現這邊就是重複10次往後依序加上7 10 3 1，之後跳脫的迴圈

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

70

100

30

10

可以發現這邊就是重複10次往後依序加上7 10 3 1，之後跳脫的迴圈

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

70

100

30

10

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

100

30

10

H

72為字母H的ASCII碼 因此輸出H

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

100

30

10

H

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

101

30

10

He

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

108

30

10

Hel

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

108

30

10

Hell

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

111

30

10

Hello

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

111

30

10

Hello

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

111

32

10

Hello

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

72

111

32

10

Hello

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

111

32

10

Hello W

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

111

32

10

Hello W

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

111

32

10

Hello Wo

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

114

32

10

Hello Wor

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

108

32

10

Hello Worl

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

100

32

10

Hello World

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

100

32

10

Hello World

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

100

33

10

Hello World!

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

100

33

10

Hello World!

++++++++++
[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]
>
++.
>
+.
+++++++.
.
+++.
>
++.
<<
+++++++++++++++.
>
.
+++.
------.
--------.
>
+.
>
.

0

87

100

33

10

Hello World!

輸出換行 (\n)

而這樣一個簡單的語言

我們可以來實作看看他的編譯器

by 一四學術長 海放之音

他甚至就在這裡可以被使用

JSFuck

先來個野獸先輩知識

由簡報中可以看到JS屬於弱型別語言

而他便是本章節的主角

由簡報中可以看到JS屬於弱型別語言

而他便是本章節的主角

JSFuck 不是一種語言

而是一種JS的編寫方式

由於JS的弱型會有各種怪怪的轉型

因此可以僅使用6個字元達到圖靈完備

[ ] ( ) ! +

就是這麼抽象

有了 true 代表有了1

有了 false 代表有了0

 

有了0 1代表有了所有數字與字母

你可以使用 eval 函數在JS內執行任意指令
eval("alert(1)") = run alert(1)

 

可是我們沒有辦法在程式打出 eval 啊

Function Constructor

一個可以讓上面這些字員組成程式的方法

看個範例

欸恭喜你在僅使用 [ ] ( ) 與字串的情況下

做出了 alert(1)

同理 可以換成任意程式

[]['map']['constructor']('alert(1)')()

他是 alert("Hello World!") 痾對不要懷疑

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可讀性最低的語言

Whitespace

Whitespace

如果說剛剛那些已經夠難讀了

那這個語言會讓你知道真正的「無法閱讀」

Whitespace

他僅使用 空白(Space) Tab 換行(LF) 組成

以下是他的規則

Whitespace

他僅使用 空白(Space) Tab 換行(LF) 組成

以下是他的規則

你要先給一個IMP

讓程式知道你準備做什麼操作

Whitespace

他僅使用 空白(Space) Tab 換行(LF) 組成

以下是他的規則

每個操作都有自己一套指令表

這裡不一個一個貼

而指令都是對兩種資料結構進操作

堆疊(stack)與堆積(heap)

Whitespace

每個操作都有自己一套指令表

這裡不一個一個貼

而指令都是對兩種資料結構進操作

堆疊(stack)與堆積(heap)

如果有在演算法小社的應該對他們不陌生

不過這裡的heap只有一格

基本上是作為暫存使用

Whitespace

挖 好精美的 Coding Style

Whitespace

S S S T	S S T	S S S L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	S S T	S T	L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	S T	T	S S L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	S T	T	S S L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	S T	T	T	T	L
T	L
S S S S S T	S T	T	S S L
T	L
S S S S S T	S S S S S L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	T	S T	T	T	L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	S T	T	T	T	L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	T	S S T	S L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	S T	T	S S L
T	L
S S S S S T	T	S S T	S S L
T	L
S S S S S T	S S S S T	L
T	L
S S L
L
L

標上字母(S、T、L)會長這樣

吾有一數。名之曰「甲」。

文言

文言

GitHub

一款基於JS實現的文言文寫扣

可以進他的線上IDE自己玩玩看

IDE

ISCOJ 4551

你瞅啥？ 瞅你咋地

東北話

東北話

GitHub

一款基於Python實現的東北話寫扣

可以下載下來自己玩玩看

欸對他沒有做線上的編譯器

奇怪的程式語言

By lucasw

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奇怪的程式語言

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